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In recent years, the Robotics field has initiated several efforts toward building generalist robot policies through large-scale multi-task Behavior Cloning. However, direct deployments of these policies have led to unsatisfactory…

Enhancing the complex reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) attracts widespread attention. While reinforcement learning (RL) has shown superior performance for improving complex reasoning, its impact on cross-lingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Shulin Huang , Yiran Ding , Junshu Pan , Yue Zhang

Recent progress in large reasoning models for challenging mathematical reasoning has been driven by reinforcement learning (RL). Incorporating long chain-of-thought (CoT) data during mid-training has also been shown to substantially improve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Xuemiao Zhang , Can Ren , Chengying Tu , Rongxiang Weng , Shuo Wang , Hongfei Yan , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai

Significant progress in reward modeling over recent years has been driven by a paradigm shift from task-specific designs towards generalist reward models. Despite this trend, developing effective reward models remains a fundamental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Chenglong Wang , Yongyu Mu , Hang Zhou , Yifu Huo , Ziming Zhu , Jiali Zeng , Murun Yang , Bei Li , Xiaoyang Hao , Chunliang Zhang , Fandong Meng , Jingbo Zhu , Tong Xiao

Agentic Reinforcement Learning (RL) has empowered Large Language Models (LLMs) to utilize tools like Python interpreters for complex problem-solving. However, for parameter-constrained models (e.g., 4B--7B), the exploration phase is often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Tianshi Xu , Yuteng Chen , Meng Li

We introduce Phi-4-reasoning, a 14-billion parameter reasoning model that achieves strong performance on complex reasoning tasks. Trained via supervised fine-tuning of Phi-4 on carefully curated set of "teachable" prompts-selected for the…

As retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) becomes more widespread, the role of retrieval is shifting from retrieving information for human browsing to retrieving context for AI reasoning. This shift creates more complex search environments,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Jiawei Zhou , Lei Chen

Large language models have achieved strong performance on medical reasoning benchmarks, yet their deployment in clinical settings demands rigorous verification to ensure factual accuracy. While reward models offer a scalable approach for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Hang Zhang , Ruheng Wang , Yuelyu Ji , Mingu Kwak , Xizhi Wu , Chenyu Li , Li Zhang , Wenqi Shi , Yifan Peng , Yanshan Wang

Access to the right evidence does not guarantee that large language models (LLMs) will reason with it correctly. This gap between retrieval and reasoning is especially concerning in clinical settings, where outputs must align with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Deepthi Potluri , Aby Mammen Mathew , Jeffrey B DeWitt , Alexander L. Rasgon , Yide Hao , Junyuan Hong , Ying Ding

Robust evaluation is critical for deploying trustworthy retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems. However, current LLM-based evaluation frameworks predominantly rely on directly prompting resource-intensive models with complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Kun Li , Yunxiang Li , Tianhua Zhang , Hongyin Luo , Xixin Wu , James Glass , Helen Meng

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) reasoning have been largely attributed to the rise of reinforcement Learning (RL), which has shifted the community's focus away from the supervised fine-tuning (SFT) paradigm. Many studies…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are widely adopted in knowledge-intensive NLP tasks, but current evaluations often overlook the structural complexity and multi-step reasoning required in real-world scenarios. These benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Jeongsoo Lee , Daeyong Kwon , Kyohoon Jin

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong performance across diverse tasks, but their effectiveness often depends on the quality of the provided context. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enriches prompts with external information, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Oussama Gabouj , Kamel Charaf , Ivan Zakazov , Nicolas Baldwin , Robert West

Recent studies increasingly explore Large Language Models (LLMs) as a new paradigm for recommendation systems due to their scalability and world knowledge. However, existing work has three key limitations: (1) most efforts focus on…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a common paradigm to use Large Language Models (LLMs) alongside private and up-to-date knowledge bases. In this work, we address the challenges of using LLM-as-a-Judge when evaluating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Sacha Muller , António Loison , Bilel Omrani , Gautier Viaud

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for enhancing image editing and text-to-image (T2I) generation. However, current reward models, which act as critics during RL, often suffer from hallucinations and assign…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Xiangyu Zhao , Peiyuan Zhang , Junming Lin , Tianhao Liang , Yuchen Duan , Shengyuan Ding , Changyao Tian , Yuhang Zang , Junchi Yan , Xue Yang

Recent supervised fine-tuning (SFT) approaches have significantly improved language models' performance on mathematical reasoning tasks, even when models are trained at a small scale. However, the specific capabilities enhanced through such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Yiyou Sun , Georgia Zhou , Haoyue Bai , Hao Wang , Dacheng Li , Nouha Dziri , Dawn Song

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances the text generation capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge and up-to-date information. However, traditional RAG systems are limited by static workflows…

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a dominant paradigm for eliciting long-horizon reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs). However, scaling Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) via RL remains challenging due to interaction collapse: a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xuqin Zhang , Quan He , Zhenrui Zheng , Zongzhang Zhang , Xu He , Dong Li

Evaluating retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems traditionally relies on hand annotations for input queries, passages to retrieve, and responses to generate. We introduce ARES, an Automated RAG Evaluation System, for evaluating RAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Jon Saad-Falcon , Omar Khattab , Christopher Potts , Matei Zaharia
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