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We consider a one-hidden-layer leaky ReLU network of arbitrary width trained by stochastic gradient descent (SGD) following an arbitrary initialization. We prove that SGD produces neural networks that have classification accuracy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Spencer Frei , Yuan Cao , Quanquan Gu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been shown to memorize their training data, yet similar analyses for graph neural networks (GNNs) remain largely under-explored. We introduce NCMemo (Node Classification Memorization), the first framework to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Adarsh Jamadandi , Jing Xu , Adam Dziedzic , Franziska Boenisch

Understanding the implicit bias of training algorithms is of crucial importance in order to explain the success of overparametrised neural networks. In this paper, we study the role of the label noise in the training dynamics of a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-22 Loucas Pillaud-Vivien , Julien Reygner , Nicolas Flammarion

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning paradigm where clients collaboratively train a model using their local (human-generated) datasets. While existing studies focus on FL algorithm development to tackle data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Shuqi Ke , Chao Huang , Xin Liu

We propose self-teaching networks to improve the generalization capacity of deep neural networks. The idea is to generate soft supervision labels using the output layer for training the lower layers of the network. During the network…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-11 Liang Lu , Eric Sun , Yifan Gong

Pre-training on large-scale datasets and then fine-tuning on downstream tasks have become a standard practice in deep learning. However, pre-training data often contain label noise that may adversely affect the generalization of the model.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Hao Chen , Jindong Wang , Ankit Shah , Ran Tao , Hongxin Wei , Xing Xie , Masashi Sugiyama , Bhiksha Raj

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) was introduced to improve generalization by seeking flat minima, yet it also exhibits robustness to label noise, a phenomenon that remains only partially understood. Prior work has mainly attributed this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Hoang-Chau Luong , Quang-Thuc Nguyen , Dat Ba Tran , Minh-Triet Tran

Falsely annotated samples, also known as noisy labels, can significantly harm the performance of deep learning models. Two main approaches for learning with noisy labels are global noise estimation and data filtering. Global noise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Yuval Grinberg , Nimrod Harel , Jacob Goldberger , Ofir Lindenbaum

Attention mechanism is a fundamental component of the transformer model and plays a significant role in its success. However, the theoretical understanding of how attention learns to select tokens is still an emerging area of research. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Keitaro Sakamoto , Issei Sato

In supervised classification tasks, models are trained to predict a label for each data point. In real-world datasets, these labels are often noisy due to annotation errors. While the impact of label noise on the performance of deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Ali Hussaini Umar , Franky Kevin Nando Tezoh , Jean Barbier , Santiago Acevedo , Alessandro Laio

In this paper, we address the problem of effectively self-training neural networks in a low-resource setting. Self-training is frequently used to automatically increase the amount of training data. However, in a low-resource scenario, it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-03 Debjit Paul , Mittul Singh , Michael A. Hedderich , Dietrich Klakow

In this paper, we study the problem of learning image classification models in the presence of label noise. We revisit a simple compression regularization named Nested Dropout. We find that Nested Dropout, though originally proposed to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Yingyi Chen , Xi Shen , Shell Xu Hu , Johan A. K. Suykens

In many applications of classifier learning, training data suffers from label noise. Deep networks are learned using huge training data where the problem of noisy labels is particularly relevant. The current techniques proposed for learning…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-29 Aritra Ghosh , Himanshu Kumar , P. S. Sastry

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been shown to over-fit a dataset when being trained with noisy labels for a long enough time. To overcome this problem, we present a simple and effective method self-ensemble label filtering (SELF) to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-07 Duc Tam Nguyen , Chaithanya Kumar Mummadi , Thi Phuong Nhung Ngo , Thi Hoai Phuong Nguyen , Laura Beggel , Thomas Brox

Injecting artificial noise into gradient descent (GD) is commonly employed to improve the performance of machine learning models. Usually, uncorrelated noise is used in such perturbed gradient descent (PGD) methods. It is, however, not…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-22 Antonio Orvieto , Hans Kersting , Frank Proske , Francis Bach , Aurelien Lucchi

Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding the generalization of neural networks (NNs) trained by gradient descent (GD) using the algorithmic stability approach. However, most of the existing research has focused on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Puyu Wang , Yunwen Lei , Di Wang , Yiming Ying , Ding-Xuan Zhou

In supervised learning, the presence of noise can have a significant impact on decision making. Since many classifiers do not take label noise into account in the derivation of the loss function, including the loss functions of logistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Dawei Dai , Donggen Li , Zhiguo Zhuang

Deep learning faces a formidable challenge when handling noisy labels, as models tend to overfit samples affected by label noise. This challenge is further compounded by the presence of instance-dependent noise (IDN), a realistic form of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Arpit Garg , Cuong Nguyen , Rafael Felix , Thanh-Toan Do , Gustavo Carneiro

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) enforces supervised information only at the output layer, and hidden layers are trained by back propagating the prediction error from the output layer without explicit supervision. We propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-06-07 Zhuolin Jiang , Yaming Wang , Larry Davis , Walt Andrews , Viktor Rozgic

The drastic increase of data quantity often brings the severe decrease of data quality, such as incorrect label annotations, which poses a great challenge for robustly training Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Existing learning \mbox{methods}…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Qizhou Wang , Bo Han , Tongliang Liu , Gang Niu , Jian Yang , Chen Gong