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Learning with Noisy Labels (LNL) aims to improve the model generalization when facing data with noisy labels, and existing methods generally assume that noisy labels come from known classes, called closed-set noise. However, in real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Linchao Pan , Can Gao , Jie Zhou , Jinbao Wang

State-of-the-art Object Detection (OD) methods predominantly operate under a closed-world assumption, where test-time categories match those encountered during training. However, detecting and localizing unknown objects is crucial for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Daniel Montoya , Aymen Bouguerra , Alexandra Gomez-Villa , Fabio Arnez

Open-set semi-supervised learning (OSSL) embodies a practical scenario within semi-supervised learning, wherein the unlabeled training set encompasses classes absent from the labeled set. Many existing OSSL methods assume that these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Erik Wallin , Lennart Svensson , Fredrik Kahl , Lars Hammarstrand

In real-world scenarios, human actions often fall outside the distribution of training data, making it crucial for models to recognize known actions and reject unknown ones. However, using pure skeleton data in such open-set conditions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Kunyu Peng , Cheng Yin , Junwei Zheng , Ruiping Liu , David Schneider , Jiaming Zhang , Kailun Yang , M. Saquib Sarfraz , Rainer Stiefelhagen , Alina Roitberg

State-of-the-art deep neural network recognition systems are designed for a static and closed world. It is usually assumed that the distribution at test time will be the same as the distribution during training. As a result, classifiers are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Benjamin J. Meyer , Tom Drummond

Camera traps have become a common tool for wildlife monitoring efforts in ecological research and biodiversity conservation. Wildlife classification models have benefited from the increase in wildlife visual data. These models reach high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Mufhumudzi Muthivhi , Jiahao Huo , Fredrik Gustafsson , Terence L. van Zyl

We consider a regression setting where observations are collected in different environments modeled by different data distributions. The field of out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization aims to design methods that generalize better to test…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-12 Francesco Freni , Anya Fries , Linus Kühne , Markus Reichstein , Jonas Peters

We present a systematic benchmark of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection CSFs through a representation-centric lens. Our study spans CNN and ViT backbones, multiple training paradigms, four image-classification source datasets (CIFAR-10,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Claudio César Claros Olivares , Austin J. Brockmeier

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data is a task that is receiving an increasing amount of research attention in the domain of deep learning for computer vision. However, the performance of detection methods is generally evaluated on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Guoxuan Xia , Christos-Savvas Bouganis

In open-set recognition, existing methods generally learn statically fixed decision boundaries using known classes to reject unknown classes. Though they have achieved promising results, such decision boundaries are evidently insufficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Haifeng Yang , Chuanxing Geng , Pong C. Yuen , Songcan Chen

This report provides a detailed description of the method we explored and proposed in the OSR Challenge at the OOD-CV Workshop during ECCV 2024. The challenge required identifying whether a test sample belonged to the semantic classes of a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Mingxu Feng , Dian Chao , Peng Zheng , Yang Yang

Open-set semi-supervised learning (OSSL) leverages unlabeled data containing both in-distribution (ID) and unknown out-of-distribution (OOD) samples, aiming simultaneously to improve closed-set accuracy and detect novel OOD instances.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 You Rim Choi , Subeom Park , Seojun Heo , Eunchung Noh , Hyung-Sin Kim

Modern object detectors have achieved impressive progress under the close-set setup. However, open-set object detection (OSOD) remains challenging since objects of unknown categories are often misclassified to existing known classes. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Jiaming Han , Yuqiang Ren , Jian Ding , Xingjia Pan , Ke Yan , Gui-Song Xia

Many practical medical imaging scenarios include categories that are under-represented but still crucial. The relevance of image recognition models to real-world applications lies in their ability to generalize to these rare classes as well…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Daniya Najiha A. Kareem , Jean Lahoud , Mustansar Fiaz , Amandeep Kumar , Hisham Cholakkal

The safe deployment of machine learning and AI models in open-world settings hinges critically on the ability to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) data accurately, data samples that contrast vastly from what the model was trained with.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Andrija Djurisic , Rosanne Liu , Mladen Nikolic

Localizing and recognizing objects in the open-ended physical world poses a long-standing challenge within the domain of machine perception. Recent methods have endeavored to address the issue by employing a class-agnostic mask (or box)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Qihang Yu , Xiaohui Shen , Liang-Chieh Chen

Deep neural networks have found widespread adoption in solving complex tasks ranging from image recognition to natural language processing. However, these networks make confident mispredictions when presented with data that does not belong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Deepak Ravikumar , Sangamesh Kodge , Isha Garg , Kaushik Roy

Image classification plays a pivotal role across diverse applications, yet challenges persist when models are deployed in real-world scenarios. Notably, these models falter in detecting unfamiliar classes that were not incorporated during…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Butian Xiong , Liguang Zhou , Tin Lun Lam , Yangsheng Xu

Open-set recognition (OSR) aims to simultaneously detect unknown-class samples and classify known-class samples. Most of the existing OSR methods are inductive methods, which generally suffer from the domain shift problem that the learned…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Jiayin Sun , Qiulei Dong

In the real world, a learning system could receive an input that is unlike anything it has seen during training. Unfortunately, out-of-distribution samples can lead to unpredictable behaviour. We need to know whether any given input belongs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-21 Alireza Shafaei , Mark Schmidt , James J. Little