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Memory corruption errors in C/C++ programs remain the most common source of security vulnerabilities in today's systems. Control-flow hijacking attacks exploit memory corruption vulnerabilities to divert program execution away from the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Nathan Burow , Scott A. Carr , Joseph Nash , Per Larsen , Michael Franz , Stefan Brunthaler , Mathias Payer

Control-flow hijacking attacks are used to perform malicious com-putations. Current solutions for assessing the attack surface afteracontrol flow integrity(CFI) policy was applied can measure onlyindirect transfer averages in the best case…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-04 Paul Muntean , Matthias Neumayer , Zhiqiang Lin , Gang Tan , Jens Grossklags , Claudia Eckert

Prompt injection attacks represent a major vulnerability in Large Language Model (LLM) deployments, where malicious instructions embedded in user inputs can override system prompts and induce unintended behaviors. This paper presents a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-18 S M Asif Hossain , Ruksat Khan Shayoni , Mohd Ruhul Ameen , Akif Islam , M. F. Mridha , Jungpil Shin

Credible safety plans for advanced AI development require methods to verify agent behavior and detect potential control deficiencies early. A fundamental aspect is ensuring agents adhere to safety-critical principles, especially when these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Ram Potham

This position paper argues that securing LLM agents requires first defining an end-to-end correctness property that specifies when an agent's execution faithfully reflects the user's intent. Modern LLM agents operate over an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Wenjie Qu , Ming Xu , Peiran Wang , Shengfang Zhai , Jiaheng Zhang , Dawn Song

Large Language Model-based systems (LLM systems) are information and query processing systems that use LLMs to plan operations from natural-language prompts and feed the output of each successive step into the LLM to plan the next. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Fangzhou Wu , Ethan Cecchetti , Chaowei Xiao

Recent Pwn2Own competitions have demonstrated the continued effectiveness of control hijacking attacks despite deployed countermeasures including stack canaries and ASLR. A powerful defense called Control flow Integrity (CFI) offers a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-08-08 Ali Jose Mashtizadeh , Andrea Bittau , David Mazieres , Dan Boneh

Modern LLM based agents are no longer passive text generators. They read repositories, call tools, browse the web, execute code, maintain memory, communicate with other agents, and act through long horizon workflows. This shift moves the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Tianxiao Li , Yixing Ma , Haiquan Wen , Zhenglin Huang , Qianyu Zhou , Zeyu Fu , Guangliang Cheng

Multi-agent systems coordinate LLM-based agents to perform tasks on users' behalf. In real-world applications, multi-agent systems will inevitably interact with untrusted inputs, such as malicious Web content, files, email attachments, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Harold Triedman , Rishi Jha , Vitaly Shmatikov

As Large Language Model (LLM) agents become more capable, their coordinated use in the form of multi-agent systems is anticipated to emerge as a practical paradigm. Prior work has examined the safety and misuse risks associated with agents.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Akshat Naik , Jay Culligan , Yarin Gal , Philip Torr , Rahaf Aljundi , Alasdair Paren , Adel Bibi

Multi-Agent System is emerging as the \textit{de facto} standard for complex task orchestration. However, its reliance on autonomous execution and unstructured inter-agent communication introduces severe risks, such as indirect prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yangyang Wei , Yijie Xu , Zhenyuan Li , Xiangmin Shen , Shouling Ji

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has significantly enhanced the factual accuracy and domain adaptability of Large Language Models (LLMs). This advancement has enabled their widespread deployment across sensitive domains such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Hongwei Yao , Haoran Shi , Yidou Chen , Yixin Jiang , Cong Wang , Zhan Qin

Multi-agent systems leverage advanced AI models as autonomous agents that interact, cooperate, or compete to complete complex tasks across applications such as robotics and traffic management. Despite their growing importance, safety in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Falong Fan , Xi Li

The autonomy and contextual complexity of LLM-based agents render traditional access control (AC) mechanisms insufficient. Static, rule-based systems designed for predictable environments are fundamentally ill-equipped to manage the dynamic…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Xinfeng Li , Dong Huang , Jie Li , Hongyi Cai , Zhenhong Zhou , Wei Dong , XiaoFeng Wang , Yang Liu

In recent years, non-control-data attacks have be come a research hotspot in the field of network security, driven by the increasing number of defense methods against control-flow hijacking attacks. These attacks exploit memory…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-28 Lei Chong

LLM agents operating in open environments face escalating risks from indirect prompt injection, particularly within the tool stream where manipulated metadata and runtime feedback hijack execution flow. Existing defenses encounter a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Junda Lin , Zhaomeng Zhou , Zhi Zheng , Shuochen Liu , Tong Xu , Yong Chen , Enhong Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have evolved from simple chatbots into autonomous agents capable of performing complex tasks such as editing production code, orchestrating workflows, and taking higher-stakes actions based on untrusted inputs…

This paper presents a secure-by-construction planning and control framework for multi-agent systems subject to linear temporal logic (LTL) specifications. The framework protects sensitive information from a passive intruder with partial…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-14 Georgios Mitsos , Dimos V. Dimarogonas , Siyuan Liu

The promise of Large Language Model (LLM) agents is to perform complex, stateful tasks. This promise is stunted by significant risks - policy violations, process corruption, and security flaws - that stem from the lack of visibility and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Charlie Summers , Haneen Mohammed , Eugene Wu

Autonomous agents based on large language models (LLMs) are rapidly emerging as a general-purpose technology, with recent systems such as OpenClaw extending their capabilities through broad tool use, third-party skills, and deeper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Lukas Pirch , Micha Horlboge , Patrick Großmann , Syeda Mahnur Asif , Klim Kireev , Thorsten Holz , Konrad Rieck
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