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Vision-language-action(VLA) models have shown great promise as generalist policies for a large range of relatively simple tasks. However, they demonstrate limited performance on more complex tasks, such as those requiring complex spatial or…

To operate effectively in the real world, robots should integrate multimodal reasoning with precise action generation. However, existing vision-language-action (VLA) models often sacrifice one for the other, narrow their abilities to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Shuai Yang , Hao Li , Bin Wang , Yilun Chen , Yang Tian , Tai Wang , Hanqing Wang , Feng Zhao , Yiyi Liao , Jiangmiao Pang

Vision-language-action models (VLAs) show potential as generalist robot policies. However, these models pose extreme safety challenges during real-world deployment, including the risk of harm to the environment, the robot itself, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Borong Zhang , Yuhao Zhang , Jiaming Ji , Yingshan Lei , Yishuai Cai , Josef Dai , Yuanpei Chen , Yaodong Yang

Linguistic ambiguity is ubiquitous in our daily lives. Previous works adopted interaction between robots and humans for language disambiguation. Nevertheless, when interactive robots are deployed in daily environments, there are significant…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Jie Xu , Hanbo Zhang , Xinghang Li , Huaping Liu , Xuguang Lan , Tao Kong

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown strong performance on embodied manipulation, yet they remain brittle under visual observation changes, paraphrased language instructions, and compounded perturbations. This limitation suggests…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Jingzhou Luo , Yifan Wen , Yongjie Bai , Xinshuai Song , Yang Liu , Liang Lin

Reinforcement learning (RL) has had its fair share of success in contact-rich manipulation tasks but it still lags behind in benefiting from advances in robot control theory such as impedance control and stability guarantees. Recently, the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Shahbaz A. Khader , Hang Yin , Pietro Falco , Danica Kragic

Advancing machine intelligence requires developing the ability to perceive across multiple modalities, much as humans sense the world. We introduce OmniVinci, an initiative to build a strong, open-source, omni-modal LLM. We carefully study…

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have emerged as generalist robotic controllers capable of mapping visual observations and natural language instructions to continuous action sequences. However, VLAs provide no calibrated measure of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lingling Chen , Zongyao Lyu , William J. Beksi

Autonomous driving systems often infer pedestrian yielding behavior from geometric and kinematic cues alone, limiting their ability to reason about visual scene context and age-dependent behavioral variability. This limitation can produce…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Qingwen Pu , Kun Xie , Yuxiang Liu

With the rapid development of embodied artificial intelligence, significant progress has been made in vision-language-action (VLA) models for general robot decision-making. However, the majority of existing VLAs fail to account for the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Hongyin Zhang , Pengxiang Ding , Shangke Lyu , Ying Peng , Donglin Wang

Robots need to manipulate objects in constrained environments like shelves and cabinets when assisting humans in everyday settings like homes and offices. These constraints make manipulation difficult by reducing grasp accessibility, so…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Jacky Liang , Xianyi Cheng , Oliver Kroemer

Prevailing Vision-Language-Action Models (VLAs) for robotic manipulation are built upon vision-language backbones pretrained on large-scale, but disconnected static web data. As a result, despite improved semantic generalization, the policy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Jonas Pai , Liam Achenbach , Victoriano Montesinos , Benedek Forrai , Oier Mees , Elvis Nava

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising paradigm for general-purpose robotic manipulation, leveraging large-scale pre-training to achieve strong performance. The field has rapidly evolved with additional spatial…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yuankai Luo , Woping Chen , Tong Liang , Baiqiao Wang , Zhenguo Li

The development of general robotic systems capable of manipulating in unstructured environments is a significant challenge. While Vision-Language Models(VLM) excel in high-level commonsense reasoning, they lack the fine-grained 3D spatial…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Mingjie Pan , Jiyao Zhang , Tianshu Wu , Yinghao Zhao , Wenlong Gao , Hao Dong

This paper presents a Robust Adaptive Backstepping Impedance Control (RABIC) strategy for robots operating in contact-rich and uncertain environments. The proposed control strategy considers the complete coupled dynamics of the system and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Reza Nazmara , Alap Kshirsagar , Jan Peters , A. Pedro Aguiar

With the growing demand for efficient logistics, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly being paired with automated guided vehicles (AGVs). While UAVs offer the ability to navigate through dense environments and varying altitudes,…

Humans can flexibly interpret and compose different goal specifications, such as language instructions, spatial coordinates, or visual references, when navigating to a destination. In contrast, most existing robotic navigation policies are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Noriaki Hirose , Catherine Glossop , Dhruv Shah , Sergey Levine

Motivated by the emergent reasoning capabilities of Vision Language Models (VLMs) and their potential to improve the comprehensibility of autonomous driving systems, this paper introduces a closed-loop autonomous driving controller called…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Keke Long , Haotian Shi , Jiaxi Liu , Xiaopeng Li

UMI-style interfaces enable scalable robot learning, but existing systems remain largely visuomotor, relying primarily on RGB observations and trajectory while providing only limited access to physical interaction signals. This becomes a…

Language-Guided Robotic Manipulation (LGRM) is a challenging task as it requires a robot to understand human instructions to manipulate everyday objects. Recent approaches in LGRM rely on pre-trained Visual Grounding (VG) models to detect…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Junghyun Kim , Gi-Cheon Kang , Jaein Kim , Suyeon Shin , Byoung-Tak Zhang