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Multi-agent applications often execute complex tasks as multi-stage workflows, where each stage is an LLM call whose output becomes part of context for subsequent steps. Existing LLM serving systems largely assume homogeneous clusters with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Kangqi Ni , Wenyue Hua , Xiaoxiang Shi , Jiang Guo , Shiyu Chang , Tianlong Chen

Serving systems for Large Language Models (LLMs) improve throughput by processing several requests concurrently. However, multiplexing hardware resources between concurrent requests involves non-trivial scheduling decisions. Practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Ferdi Kossmann , Bruce Fontaine , Daya Khudia , Michael Cafarella , Samuel Madden

The ever-increasing computation and energy demand for LLM and AI agents call for holistic and efficient optimization of LLM serving systems. In practice, heterogeneous GPU clusters can be deployed in a geographically distributed manner,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Xuan He , Zequan Fang , Jinzhao Lian , Danny H. K. Tsang , Baosen Zhang , Yize Chen

High-demand LLM inference services (e.g., ChatGPT and BARD) support a wide range of requests from short chat conversations to long document reading. To ensure that all client requests are processed fairly, most major LLM inference services…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Ying Sheng , Shiyi Cao , Dacheng Li , Banghua Zhu , Zhuohan Li , Danyang Zhuo , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Ion Stoica

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being deployed as intelligent agents. Their multi-stage workflows, which alternate between local computation and calls to external network services like Web APIs, introduce a mismatch in their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Hongqiu Ni , Jiabao Zhang , Guopeng Li , Zilong Wang , Ruiqi Wu , Chi Zhang , Haisheng Tan

With the development of LLMs as agents, there is a growing interest in connecting multiple agents into multi-agent systems to solve tasks concurrently, focusing on their role in task assignment and coordination. This paper explores how LLMs…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Alfonso Amayuelas , Jingbo Yang , Saaket Agashe , Ashwin Nagarajan , Antonis Antoniades , Xin Eric Wang , William Wang

LLMs are increasingly used world-wide from daily tasks to agentic systems and data analytics, requiring significant GPU resources. LLM inference systems, however, are slow compared to database systems, and inference performance and…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Kyoungmin Kim , Jiacheng Li , Kijae Hong , Anastasia Ailamaki

Efficient scheduling of LLM inference tasks is essential for achieving low latency and high throughput, particularly with the growing use of reasoning-capable LLMs. Traditional strategies like First-Come-First-Serve (FCFS) often suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Yiheng Tao , Yihe Zhang , Matthew T. Dearing , Xin Wang , Yuping Fan , Zhiling Lan

The rapid growth of large language model (LLM) services imposes increasing demands on distributed GPU inference infrastructure. Most existing scheduling systems follow a reactive paradigm, relying solely on the current system state to make…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Chengze Du , Zhiwei Yu , Heng Xu , Haojie Wang , Bo liu , Jialong Li

Large language model (LLM) inference workload dominates a wide variety of modern AI applications, ranging from multi-turn conversation to document analysis. Balancing fairness and efficiency is critical for managing diverse client workloads…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Shiyi Cao , Yichuan Wang , Ziming Mao , Pin-Lun Hsu , Liangsheng Yin , Tian Xia , Dacheng Li , Shu Liu , Yineng Zhang , Yang Zhou , Ying Sheng , Joseph Gonzalez , Ion Stoica

High-Performance Computing (HPC) job scheduling involves balancing conflicting objectives such as minimizing makespan, reducing wait times, optimizing resource use, and ensuring fairness. Traditional methods, including heuristic-based,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Prachi Jadhav , Hongwei Jin , Ewa Deelman , Prasanna Balaprakash

Modern distributed machine learning (ML) training workloads benefit significantly from leveraging GPUs. However, significant contention ensues when multiple such workloads are run atop a shared cluster of GPUs. A key question is how to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Kshiteej Mahajan , Arjun Balasubramanian , Arjun Singhvi , Shivaram Venkataraman , Aditya Akella , Amar Phanishayee , Shuchi Chawla

Using correct design metrics and understanding the limitations of the underlying technology is critical to developing effective scheduling algorithms. Unfortunately, existing scheduling techniques used \emph{incorrect} metrics and had…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Emre Karabulut , Arsalan Ali Malik , Amro Awad , Aydin Aysu

Large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems have demonstrated remarkable promise for tackling complex tasks by breaking them down into subtasks that are iteratively planned, executed, observed, and refined. Despite their…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Enhao Zhang , Erkang Zhu , Gagan Bansal , Adam Fourney , Hussein Mozannar , Jack Gerrits

The performance of anytime algorithms can be improved by simultaneously solving several instances of algorithm-problem pairs. These pairs may include different instances of a problem (such as starting from a different initial state),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-06-28 L. Finkelstein , S. Markovitch , E. Rivlin

This paper presents Nova, a real-time scheduling framework for serving agentic vision-language models (VLMs) on a single GPU with balanced per-request latency and overall request process throughput. Our design begins by enabling effective…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Yuhang Xu , Shengzhong Liu , Dong Zhang , Bingheng Yan , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen

This paper presents a multiagent approach as a paradigm for scheduling parallel jobs in a parallel system. Scheduling parallel jobs is performed as a means to balance the load of a system in order to improve the performance of a parallel…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-06-29 Jaderick P. Pabico

LLM-based search agents achieve strong performance but suffer from severe latency, as each step requires serialized LLM reasoning followed by action of tool execution. We revisit this bottleneck through the lens of speculation. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Zixiao Huang , Wen Zeng , Tianyu Fu , Tengxuan Liu , Yizhou Sun , Ke Hong , Xinhao Yang , Chengchun Liu , Yan Li , Quanlu Zhang , Guohao Dai , Zhenhua Zhu , Yu Wang

As LLM applications grow more complex, developers are increasingly adopting multi-agent architectures to decompose workflows into specialized, collaborative components, introducing structure that constrains agent behavior and exposes useful…

We initiate the study of fair distribution of delivery tasks among a set of agents wherein delivery jobs are placed along the vertices of a graph. Our goal is to fairly distribute delivery costs (modeled as a submodular function) among a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Hadi Hosseini , Shivika Narang , Tomasz Wąs
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