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This paper introduces the Bidirectional Clustered MPPI (BiC-MPPI) algorithm, a novel trajectory optimization method aimed at enhancing goal-directed guidance within the Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) framework. BiC-MPPI incorporates…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Minchan Jung , Kwangki Kim

Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) control is a widely used sampling-based method for trajectory optimization, yet its convergence properties remain only partially understood. This paper provides a direct convergence analysis using…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-25 Mahyar Fazlyab , Sina Sharifi , Jiarui Wang

This paper introduces a novel nonlinear stochastic model predictive control path integral (MPPI) method, which considers chance constraints on system states. The proposed belief-space stochastic MPPI (BSS-MPPI) applies Monte-Carlo sampling…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Ji Yin , Panagiotis Tsiotras , Karl Berntorp

We present a sampling-based Model Predictive Control (MPC) method that implements Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) as an \emph{Ising machine}, suitable for novel forms of probabilistic computing. By expressing the control problem as a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-18 Lorin Werthen-Brabants , Pieter Simoens

The use of random sampling in decision-making and control has become popular with the ease of access to graphic processing units that can generate and calculate multiple random trajectories for real-time robotic applications. In contrast to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Hyung-Jin Yoon , Chuyuan Tao , Hunmin Kim , Naira Hovakimyan , Petros Voulgaris

This paper presents a tutorial overview of path integral (PI) control approaches for stochastic optimal control and trajectory optimization. We concisely summarize the theoretical development of path integral control to compute a solution…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Muhammad Kazim , JunGee Hong , Min-Gyeom Kim , Kwang-Ki K. Kim

Sampling-based motion planning is a well-established approach in autonomous driving, valued for its modularity and analytical tractability. In complex urban scenarios, however, uniform or heuristic sampling often produces many infeasible or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Korbinian Moller , Roland Stroop , Mattia Piccinini , Alexander Langmann , Johannes Betz

This paper introduces a control architecture for real-time and onboard control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in environments with obstacles using the Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) methodology. MPPI allows the use of the full…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Michal Minarik , Robert Penicka , Vojtech Vonasek , Martin Saska

Trajectory optimization depends heavily on initialization. In particular, sampling-based approaches are highly sensitive to initial solutions, and limited exploration frequently leads them to converge to local minima in complex…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-15 O. Goktug Poyrazoglu , Yukang Cao , Rahul Moorthy , Volkan Isler

Sampling-based motion planners (SBMPs) are widely used to compute dynamically feasible robot paths. However, their reliance on uniform sampling often leads to poor efficiency and slow planning in complex environments. We introduce a novel…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Shubham Natraj , Bruno Sinopoli , Yiannis Kantaros

Sampling-based Model Predictive Control (MPC) has been a practical and effective approach in many domains, notably model-based reinforcement learning, thanks to its flexibility and parallelizability. Despite its appealing empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Zeji Yi , Chaoyi Pan , Guanqi He , Guannan Qu , Guanya Shi

Model predictive control (MPC) has established itself as the primary methodology for constrained control, enabling general-purpose robot autonomy in diverse real-world scenarios. However, for most problems of interest, MPC relies on the…

In this paper we propose a novel decision making architecture for Robust Model Predictive Path Integral control (RMPPI) and investigate its performance guarantees and applicability to off-road navigation. Key building blocks of the proposed…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-19 Manan Gandhi , Bogdan Vlahov , Jason Gibson , Grady Williams , Evangelos A. Theodorou

In this paper, we present a new trajectory optimization algorithm for stochastic linear systems which combines Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) control with Constrained Covariance Steering (CSS) to achieve high performance with safety…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-21 Isin M. Balci , Efstathios Bakolas , Bogdan Vlahov , Evangelos Theodorou

For a nonlinear stochastic path planning problem, sampling-based algorithms generate thousands of random sample trajectories to find the optimal path while guaranteeing safety by Lagrangian penalty methods. However, the sampling-based…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-16 Chuyuan Tao , Hunmin Kim , Hyungjin Yoon , Naira Hovakimyan , Petros Voulgaris

Classical proportional--integral--derivative (PID) control is widely employed in industrial applications; however, achieving higher performance often motivates the adoption of model predictive control (MPC). Although gradient-based methods…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-01 Teruki Kato , Koshi Oishi , Seigo Ito

Cross-entropy method model predictive control (CEM--MPC) is a powerful gradient-free technique for nonlinear optimal control, but its performance is often limited by the reliance on random sampling. This conventional approach can lead to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Markus Walker , Daniel Frisch , Uwe D. Hanebeck

Model predictive path integral (MPPI) is a sampling-based method for solving complex model predictive control (MPC) problems, but its real-time implementation faces two key challenges: the computational cost and sample requirements grow…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-03 Viet-Anh Le , Renukanandan Tumu , Rahul Mangharam

In this paper, we open up new avenues for visual servoing systems built upon the Path Integral (PI) optimal control theory, in which the non-linear partial differential equation (PDE) can be transformed into an expectation over all possible…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Ihab S. Mohamed

In this paper, we develop a non-uniform sampling approach for fast and efficient path planning of autonomous vehicles. The approach uses a novel non-uniform partitioning scheme that divides the area into obstacle-free convex cells. The…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-04 James P. Wilson , Zongyuan Shen , Shalabh Gupta