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Large language models (LLMs) primarily rely on supervised fine-tuning (SFT) as a key method to adapt pre-trained models to domain-specific tasks such as mathematical reasoning. However, standard SFT uniformly penalizes all tokens,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zhiwen Ruan , Yixia Li , He Zhu , Yun Chen , Peng Li , Yang Liu , Guanhua Chen

Score Distillation Sampling (SDS) has emerged as a prominent method for text-to-3D generation by leveraging the strengths of 2D diffusion models. However, SDS is limited to generation tasks and lacks the capability to edit existing 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Xingyu Miao , Haoran Duan , Yang Long , Jungong Han

Anomaly detection in computational workflows is critical for ensuring system reliability and security. However, traditional rule-based methods struggle to detect novel anomalies. This paper leverages large language models (LLMs) for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Hongwei Jin , George Papadimitriou , Krishnan Raghavan , Pawel Zuk , Prasanna Balaprakash , Cong Wang , Anirban Mandal , Ewa Deelman

Since the advent of reasoning-based large language models, many have found great success from distilling reasoning capabilities into student models. Such techniques have significantly bridged the gap between reasoning and standard LLMs on…

While critical for alignment, Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) incurs the risk of catastrophic forgetting, yet the layer-wise emergence of instruction-following capabilities remains elusive. We investigate this mechanism via a comprehensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Qinghua Zhao , Xueling Gong , Xinyu Chen , Zhongfeng Kang , Xinlu Li

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress, with post-training playing a crucial role in enhancing their reasoning capabilities. Among post-training paradigms, supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is widely used: it leverages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Lisong Sun , Li Wang , Chen Zhang , Jinyang Wu , Kui Zhang , Tianhao Peng , Wenjun Wu

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) on domain-specific data is the dominant approach for adapting foundation models to specialized tasks. However, it has been observed that SFT models tend to forget knowledge acquired during pretraining. In vision…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yifan Hao , Xingyuan Pan , Hanning Zhang , Chenlu Ye , Rui Pan , Tong Zhang

Foundation language models obtain the instruction-following ability through supervised fine-tuning (SFT). Diversity and complexity are considered critical factors of a successful SFT dataset, while their definitions remain obscure and lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Keming Lu , Hongyi Yuan , Zheng Yuan , Runji Lin , Junyang Lin , Chuanqi Tan , Chang Zhou , Jingren Zhou

In the era of large language models (LLMs), detecting pretraining data has been increasingly important due to concerns about fair evaluation and ethical risks. Current methods differentiate members and non-members by designing scoring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Hengxiang Zhang , Songxin Zhang , Bingyi Jing , Hongxin Wei

The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-and particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) for code-has reshaped Software Engineering (SE) by enabling the automation of tasks such as code generation, bug detection, and repair. However, these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Saima Afrin , Md Zahidul Haque , Antonio Mastropaolo

Instruction tuning has emerged as a critical paradigm for improving the capabilities and alignment of large language models (LLMs). However, existing iterative model-aware data selection methods incur significant computational overhead, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Xiaotian Lin , Yanlin Qi , Yizhang Zhu , Themis Palpanas , Chengliang Chai , Nan Tang , Yuyu Luo

Instruction tuning, a specialized technique to enhance large language model (LLM) performance via instruction datasets, relies heavily on the quality of employed data. Existing quality improvement methods alter instruction data through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Yang Xu , Yongqiang Yao , Yufan Huang , Mengnan Qi , Maoquan Wang , Bin Gu , Neel Sundaresan

Large Language Models (LLMs) typically rely on Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) to specialize in downstream tasks, with the Cross Entropy (CE) loss being the de facto choice. However, CE maximizes the likelihood of observed data without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Ziniu Li , Congliang Chen , Tian Xu , Zeyu Qin , Jiancong Xiao , Zhi-Quan Luo , Ruoyu Sun

Data selection during supervised fine-tuning (SFT) can critically change the behavior of large language models (LLMs). Although existing work has studied the effect of selecting data based on heuristics such as perplexity, difficulty, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Siyuan Liu , Tinghong Chen , Xinghan Li , Yifei Wang , Jingzhao Zhang

Open-source large language models (LLMs) have gained significant strength across diverse fields. Nevertheless, the majority of studies primarily concentrate on English, with only limited exploration into the realm of multilingual abilities.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Haoyu Wang , Shuo Wang , Yukun Yan , Xujia Wang , Zhiyu Yang , Yuzhuang Xu , Zhenghao Liu , Liner Yang , Ning Ding , Xu Han , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Effective data curation is essential for optimizing neural network training. In this paper, we present the Guided Spectrally Tuned Data Selection (GSTDS) algorithm, which dynamically adjusts the subset of data points used for training using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Mohammadreza Sharifi , Ahad Harati

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) has become a preferred paradigm in many deep learning tasks, which reduces the need for human labor. Previous studies primarily focus on effectively utilising the labelled and unlabeled data to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Qian Shao , Jiangrui Kang , Qiyuan Chen , Zepeng Li , Hongxia Xu , Yiwen Cao , Jiajuan Liang , Jian Wu

Post-training of Large Language Models often involves a pipeline of Supervised Finetuning (SFT) followed by Preference Finetuning (PFT) using methods like Direct Preference Optimization. Both stages require annotated data that are very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Mohit Raghavendra , Junmo Kang , Alan Ritter

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) has emerged as a common practice for tailoring models to individual needs and preferences. The choice of datasets for fine-tuning can be diverse, introducing safety concerns regarding the potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Hyeong Kyu Choi , Xuefeng Du , Yixuan Li

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a pivotal approach to adapting large language models (LLMs) for downstream tasks; however, performance often suffers from the ``seesaw phenomenon'', where indiscriminate parameter updates yield progress on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yao Wang , Di Liang , Minlong Peng