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The minimum achievable statistical uncertainty in the estimation of physical parameters is determined by the quantum Fisher information. Its computation for noisy systems is still a challenging problem. Using a variational approach, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-11-21 B. M. Escher , L. Davidovich , N. Zagury , R. L. de Matos Filho

The Quantum Fisher Information Matrix (QFIM) is a fundamental quantity in various subfields of quantum physics. It plays a crucial role in the study of parameterized quantum states, as it quantifies their sensitivity to variations in its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-16 Rafael Gómez-Lurbe

We present a method to estimate the quantum Fisher information (QFI) of many-body quantum states in the presence of decoherence, where its direct evaluation requires the full spectral resolution of the density matrix. We show that, for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Francesco Musso , Vittorio Vitale , Sara Murciano

Quantum metrology derives its capabilities from the careful employ of quantum resources for carrying out measurements. This advantage, however, relies on refined data postprocessing, assessed based on the variance of the estimated…

For a fixed average energy, the simultaneous estimation of multiple phases can provide a better total precision than estimating them individually. We show this for a multimode interferometer with a phase in each mode, using Gaussian inputs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-03 Christos N. Gagatsos , Dominic Branford , Animesh Datta

Estimating correctly the quantum phase of a physical system is a central problem in quantum parameter estimation theory due to its wide range of applications from quantum metrology to cryptography. Ideally, the optimal quantum estimator is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-09 Marco A. Rodríguez-García , Isaac Pérez Castillo , P. Barberis-Blostein

We study the connection between exceptional points (EPs) and optimal parameter estimation, in a simple system consisting of two counter-propagating traveling wave modes in a microring resonator. The unknown parameter to be estimated is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Robert L. Cook , Liwen Ko , K. Birgitta Whaley

We present a new proof of the quantum Cramer-Rao bound for precision parameter estimation [1-3] and extend it to a more general class of measurement procedures. We analyze a generalized framework for parameter estimation that covers most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-01-28 Garry Goldstein , Mikhail D. Lukin , Paola Cappellaro

The attainability of the quantum Cram\'er-Rao bound [QCR], the ultimate limit in the precision of the estimation of a physical parameter, requires the saturation of the quantum information bound [QIB]. This occurs when the Fisher…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-26 Fabricio Toscano , Wellison P. Bastos , Ruynet L. de Matos Filho

We introduce new formulations of the quantum Cram\'{e}r-Rao bound (QCRB) and the Holevo Cram\'{e}r-Rao bound (HCRB) in multi-parameter quantum metrology via purification, where we show their values for any mixed state are connected to that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Sisi Zhou

We formulate multiparameter quantum estimation in the parametric and semiparametric setting. While the Holevo Cram\'er-Rao bound (CRB) requires no substantial modifications in moving from the former to the latter, we generalize the Helstrom…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-10 Francesco Albarelli , Mankei Tsang , Animesh Datta

In this paper we reconsider the single parameter quantum Fisher information (QFI) and compare it with the two-parameter one. We find simple relations connecting the single parameter QFI (both in the asymmetric and symmetric phase shift…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-08 Stefan Ataman

Quantum parameter estimation with Hermitian systems has been applied in various fields, but there are relatively few results concerning non-Hermitian systems. Here, we study the quantum parameter estimation for general non-Hermitian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-06 Xinglei Yu , Chengjie Zhang

This paper aims at providing a fresh look at semiparametric estimation theory and, in particular, at the Semiparametric Cram\'{e}r-Rao Bound (SCRB). Semiparametric models are characterized by a finite-dimensional parameter vector of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-03-02 Stefano Fortunati , Fulvio Gini , Maria S. Greco , Abdelhak M. Zoubir , Muralidhar Rangaswamy

Hierarchical quantum classifiers, such as quantum convolutional neural networks (QCNNs), represent recent progress toward designing effective and feasible architectures for quantum classification. However, their performance on near-term…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-26 Taehyun Kim , Israel F. Araujo , Daniel K. Park

Advanced super-resolution imaging techniques require specific approaches for accurate and consistent estimation of the achievable spatial resolution. Fisher information supplied to Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) has proved to be a powerful and…

The estimation of multiple parameters in quantum metrology is important for a vast array of applications in quantum information processing. However, the unattainability of fundamental precision bounds for incompatible observables has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-17 Jasminder S. Sidhu , Yingkai Ouyang , Earl T. Campbell , Pieter Kok

In this work, we introduce an experimentally viable scheme to enhance the simultaneous estimation precision of the couplings $G_{mc}$ and $G_{mb}$, with a particular focus on the performance of heterodyne detection. By comparing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Adnan Naimy , Abdallah Slaoui , Abderrahim Lakhfif , Rachid Ahl Laamara

Circular dichroism (CD) is a widely used technique for investigating optically chiral molecules, especially for biomolecules. It is thus of great importance that these parameters be estimated precisely so that the molecules with desired…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-28 Jiaxuan Wang , Girish S. Agarwal

Quantifying measurement precision in quantum systems is vital for advancing quantum technologies such as sensing, communication, and computation. The quantum Fisher information (QFI) sets the ultimate precision bound in Hermitian systems;…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Javid Naikoo , Ravindra W. Chhajlany , Jan Kołodyński , Adam Miranowicz