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Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across various domains. However, the substantial hardware resources required for their training present a significant barrier to efficiency and scalability. To mitigate this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Zhiwei Hao , Jianyuan Guo , Li Shen , Yong Luo , Han Hu , Guoxia Wang , Dianhai Yu , Yonggang Wen , Dacheng Tao

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited exciting progress in multiple scenarios, while the huge computational demands hinder their deployments in lots of real-world applications. As an effective means to reduce memory footprint and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Yijun Liu , Yuan Meng , Fang Wu , Shenhao Peng , Hang Yao , Chaoyu Guan , Chen Tang , Xinzhu Ma , Zhi Wang , Wenwu Zhu

Quantization is essential for deploying large language models (LLMs) on resource-constrained hardware, but its implications for multilingual tasks remain underexplored. We conduct the first large-scale evaluation of post-training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Benjamin Marie , Atsushi Fujita

Mixed-precision Deep Neural Networks achieve the energy efficiency and throughput needed for hardware deployment, particularly when the resources are limited, without sacrificing accuracy. However, the optimal per-layer bit precision that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Mariam Rakka , Mohammed E. Fouda , Pramod Khargonekar , Fadi Kurdahi

Model quantization has become a crucial technique to address the issues of large memory consumption and long inference times associated with LLMs. Mixed-precision quantization, which distinguishes between important and unimportant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yifan Tan , Haoze Wang , Chao Yan , Yangdong Deng

Large language models (LLMs) deliver impressive results for a variety of tasks, but state-of-the-art systems require fast GPUs with large amounts of memory. To reduce both the memory and latency of these systems, practitioners quantize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Gautom Das , Vincent La , Ethan Lau , Abhinav Shrivastava , Matthew Gwilliam

The quantization of large language models (LLMs) has been a prominent research area aimed at enabling their lightweight deployment in practice. Existing research about LLM's quantization has mainly explored the interplay between weights and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Yifei Gao , Jie Ou , Lei Wang , Jun Cheng , Mengchu Zhou

Despite the superior performance, Large Language Models~(LLMs) require significant computational resources for deployment and use. To overcome this issue, quantization methods have been widely applied to reduce the memory footprint of LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Peiyu Liu , Zikang Liu , Ze-Feng Gao , Dawei Gao , Wayne Xin Zhao , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding , Ji-Rong Wen

In recent years, compression of large language models (LLMs) has emerged as an important problem to enable language model deployment on resource-constrained devices, reduce computational costs, and mitigate the environmental footprint of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Sean I. Young

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing tasks successfully. Yet, their large size and high computational needs pose challenges for practical use, especially in resource-limited settings. Model compression…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Xunyu Zhu , Jian Li , Yong Liu , Can Ma , Weiping Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across diverse tasks, but their large memory and compute demands hinder deployment. Ternarization has gained attention as a promising compression technique, delivering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Xianglong Yan , Chengzhu Bao , Zhiteng Li , Tianao Zhang , Kaicheng Yang , Haotong Qin , Ruobing Xie , Xingwu Sun , Yulun Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown immense potential across various domains, but their high memory requirements and inference costs remain critical challenges for deployment. Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Tianyi Zhang , Anshumali Shrivastava

Quantization has emerged as a promising technique for improving the memory and computational efficiency of large language models (LLMs). Though the trade-off between performance and efficiency is well-known, there is still much to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Zhuocheng Gong , Jiahao Liu , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced rapidly but face significant memory demands. While quantization has shown promise for LLMs, current methods typically require lengthy training to alleviate the performance degradation from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Ke Yi , Yuhui Xu , Heng Chang , Chen Tang , Yuan Meng , Tong Zhang , Jia Li

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing but pose significant challenges for real-world deployment. These models necessitate considerable computing resources, which can be costly and frequently unavailable.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Xiliang Zhu , Elena Khasanova , Cheng Chen

Large language models (LLMs) require immense resources for training and inference. Quantization, a technique that reduces the precision of model parameters, offers a promising solution for improving LLM efficiency and sustainability. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jacob Nielsen , Peter Schneider-Kamp , Lukas Galke

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse natural language processing tasks. However, their extensive memory requirements, particularly due to KV cache growth during long-text understanding and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Haoqi Yang , Yao Yao , Zuchao Li , Baoyuan Qi , Guoming Liu , Hai Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer severe performance degradation when facing extremely low-bit (sub 2-bit) quantization. Several existing sub 2-bit post-training quantization (PTQ) methods utilize a mix-precision scheme by leveraging an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Jiaqi Zhao , Miao Zhang , Ming Wang , Yuzhang Shang , Kaihao Zhang , Weili Guan , Yaowei Wang , Min Zhang

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown their remarkable capacities in many NLP tasks. However, their substantial size often presents challenges for deployment. This necessitates efficient techniques for model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Robin Baki Davidsson , Pierre Nugues

While transformer-based pre-trained language models (PLMs) have dominated a number of NLP applications, these models are heavy to deploy and expensive to use. Therefore, effectively compressing large-scale PLMs becomes an increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Zhuocheng Gong , Jiahao Liu , Qifan Wang , Yang Yang , Jingang Wang , Wei Wu , Yunsen Xian , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan