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Conventional Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms, typically focused on estimating or maximizing expected returns, face challenges when refining offline pretrained models with online experiences. This paper introduces Generative Actor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Aoyang Qin , Deqian Kong , Wei Wang , Ying Nian Wu , Song-Chun Zhu , Sirui Xie

Generative recommendation (GR) models generate items by autoregressively producing a sequence of discrete tokens that jointly index the target item. However, this autoregressive generation process also induces a structured decoding space…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yupeng Hou , Haven Kim , Clark Mingxuan Ju , Eduardo Escoto , Neil Shah , Julian McAuley

Recommender systems (RS) have become essential tools for helping users efficiently navigate the overwhelming amount of information on e-commerce and social platforms. However, traditional RS relying on Collaborative Filtering (CF) struggles…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Mingdai Yang , Zhiwei Liu , Liangwei Yang , Xiaolong Liu , Chen Wang , Hao Peng , Philip S. Yu

Generative recommendation systems, driven by large language models (LLMs), present an innovative approach to predicting user preferences by modeling items as token sequences and generating recommendations in a generative manner. A critical…

Sequential dense retrieval models utilize advanced sequence learning techniques to compute item and user representations, which are then used to rank relevant items for a user through inner product computation between the user and all item…

Traditional recommender systems such as matrix factorization methods have primarily focused on learning a shared dense embedding space to represent both items and user preferences. Subsequently, sequence models such as RNN, GRUs, and,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Yaoyiran Li , Xiang Zhai , Moustafa Alzantot , Keyi Yu , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen , Mohamed Hammad

Recently, recommendation according to sequential user behaviors has shown promising results in many application scenarios. Generally speaking, real-world sequential user behaviors usually reflect a hybrid of sequential influences and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-10-18 Xu Chen , Kenan Cui , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang

Many recommendation systems limit user inputs to text strings or behavior signals such as clicks and purchases, and system outputs to a list of products sorted by relevance. With the advent of generative AI, users have come to expect richer…

Generative recommendation (GR) is an emerging paradigm that tokenizes items into discrete tokens and learns to autoregressively generate the next tokens as predictions. While this token-generation paradigm is expected to surpass traditional…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yijie Ding , Jiacheng Li , Julian McAuley , Yupeng Hou

While many production-ready and robust algorithms are available for the task of recommendation systems, many of these systems do not take the order of user's consumption into account. The order of consumption can be very useful and matters…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Mehdi Soleiman Nejad , Meysam Varasteh , Hadi Moradi , Mohammad Amin Sadeghi

Generative Recommendation (GR) has emerged as a new paradigm in recommender systems. This approach relies on quantized representations to discretize item features, modeling users' historical interactions as sequences of discrete tokens.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Fuwei Zhang , Xiaoyu Liu , Dongbo Xi , Jishen Yin , Huan Chen , Peng Yan , Fuzhen Zhuang , Zhao Zhang

Despite their remarkable reasoning capabilities across diverse domains, large language models (LLMs) face fundamental challenges in natively functioning as generative reasoning recommendation models (GRRMs), where the intrinsic modeling gap…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Minjie Hong , Zetong Zhou , Zirun Guo , Ziang Zhang , Ruofan Hu , Weinan Gan , Jieming Zhu , Zhou Zhao

Generative recommendation aims to learn the underlying generative process over the entire item set to produce recommendations for users. Although it leverages non-linear probabilistic models to surpass the limited modeling capacity of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Yi Zhang , Yiwen Zhang , Yu Wang , Tong Chen , Hongzhi Yin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been integrated into recommendation systems to enhance user behavior comprehension. The Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) technique is further incorporated into these systems to retrieve more relevant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Jian Xu , Sichun Luo , Xiangyu Chen , Haoming Huang , Hanxu Hou , Linqi Song

The chronological order of user-item interactions is a key feature in many recommender systems, where the items that users will interact may largely depend on those items that users just accessed recently. However, with the tremendous…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-06-24 Chen Ma , Peng Kang , Xue Liu

Recommender systems serve as foundational infrastructure in modern information ecosystems, helping users navigate digital content and discover items aligned with their preferences. At their core, recommender systems address a fundamental…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Min Hou , Le Wu , Yuxin Liao , Yonghui Yang , Zhen Zhang , Yu Wang , Changlong Zheng , Han Wu , Richang Hong

Generative recommendation systems have gained increasing attention as an innovative approach that directly generates item identifiers for recommendation tasks. Despite their potential, a major challenge is the effective construction of item…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Enze Liu , Bowen Zheng , Cheng Ling , Lantao Hu , Han Li , Wayne Xin Zhao

Generative recommendation has emerged as a promising paradigm that formulates the recommendations into a text-to-text generation task, harnessing the vast knowledge of large language models. However, existing studies focus on considering…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Sunkyung Lee , Seongmin Park , Jonghyo Kim , Mincheol Yoon , Jongwuk Lee

Recommender systems are indispensable in the realm of online applications, and sequential recommendation has enjoyed considerable prevalence due to its capacity to encapsulate the dynamic shifts in user interests. However, previous…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Junzhe Jiang , Shang Qu , Mingyue Cheng , Qi Liu , Zhiding Liu , Hao Zhang , Rujiao Zhang , Kai Zhang , Rui Li , Jiatong Li , Min Gao

In an era of countless content offerings, recommender systems alleviate information overload by providing users with personalized content suggestions. Due to the scarcity of explicit user feedback, modern recommender systems typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Jessica Maghakian , Paul Mineiro , Kishan Panaganti , Mark Rucker , Akanksha Saran , Cheng Tan