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The research field of Embodied AI has witnessed substantial progress in visual navigation and exploration thanks to powerful simulating platforms and the availability of 3D data of indoor and photorealistic environments. These two factors…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Roberto Bigazzi , Federico Landi , Marcella Cornia , Silvia Cascianelli , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

Humans and animals have a rich and flexible understanding of the physical world, which enables them to infer the underlying dynamical trajectories of objects and events, plausible future states, and use that to plan and anticipate the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Aran Nayebi , Rishi Rajalingham , Mehrdad Jazayeri , Guangyu Robert Yang

World models have gained significant attention as a promising approach for autonomous driving. By emulating human-like perception and decision-making processes, these models can predict and adapt to dynamic environments. Existing methods…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Huiqian Li , Wei Pan , Haodong Zhang , Jin Huang , Zhihua Zhong

Recent advancements in large foundation models have remarkably enhanced our understanding of sensory information in open-world environments. In leveraging the power of foundation models, it is crucial for AI research to pivot away from…

World models are central to building AI agents capable of flexible reasoning and planning. Yet current evaluations (i) test only properties measurable from observed interactions, such as next-frame prediction or task return, and (ii) do not…

Data-driven simulation has become a favorable way to train and test autonomous driving algorithms. The idea of replacing the actual environment with a learned simulator has also been explored in model-based reinforcement learning in the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Zhejun Zhang , Alexander Liniger , Dengxin Dai , Fisher Yu , Luc Van Gool

The ultimate goal of artificial intelligence (AI) is to achieve Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Embodied Artificial Intelligence (EAI), which involves intelligent systems with physical presence and real-time interaction with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Jinhao Jiang , Changlin Chen , Shile Feng , Wanru Geng , Zesheng Zhou , Ni Wang , Shuai Li , Feng-Qi Cui , Erbao Dong

The field of embodied AI (EAI) is rapidly advancing. Unlike virtual AI, EAI systems can exist in, learn from, reason about, and act in the physical world. With recent advances in AI models and hardware, EAI systems are becoming increasingly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Jared Perlo , Alexander Robey , Fazl Barez , Luciano Floridi , Jakob Mökander

Embodied AI (EAI) agents continuously interact with the physical world, generating vast, heterogeneous multimodal data streams that traditional management systems are ill-equipped to handle. In this survey, we first systematically evaluate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Yihao Lu , Hao Tang

Brain-body co-evolution enables animals to develop complex behaviors in their environments. Inspired by this biological synergy, embodied co-design (ECD) has emerged as a transformative paradigm for creating intelligent agents-from virtual…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Yuxing Wang , Zhiyu Chen , Tiantian Zhang , Qiyue Yin , Yongzhe Chang , Zhiheng Li , Liang Wang , Xueqian Wang

Effective collaboration between embodied agents requires more than acting in a shared environment; it demands communication grounded in each agent's evolving understanding of the world. When agents can only partially observe their…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Vardhan Dongre , Dilek Hakkani-Tür

Legged locomotion over various terrains is challenging and requires precise perception of the robot and its surroundings from both proprioception and vision. However, learning directly from high-dimensional visual input is often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Hang Lai , Jiahang Cao , Jiafeng Xu , Hongtao Wu , Yunfeng Lin , Tao Kong , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

Leveraging massive knowledge from large language models (LLMs), recent machine learning models show notable successes in general-purpose task solving in diverse domains such as computer vision and robotics. However, several significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Jiangyong Huang , Silong Yong , Xiaojian Ma , Xiongkun Linghu , Puhao Li , Yan Wang , Qing Li , Song-Chun Zhu , Baoxiong Jia , Siyuan Huang

This paper offers a roadmap for the development of scalable aligned artificial intelligence (AI) from first principle descriptions of natural intelligence. In brief, a possible path toward scalable aligned AI rests upon enabling artificial…

This paper presents an effective approach for learning novel 4D embodied world models, which predict the dynamic evolution of 3D scenes over time in response to an embodied agent's actions, providing both spatial and temporal consistency.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Haoyu Zhen , Qiao Sun , Hongxin Zhang , Junyan Li , Siyuan Zhou , Yilun Du , Chuang Gan

Large language model (LLM) agents trained using reinforcement learning has achieved superhuman performance in low-cost environments like games, mathematics, and coding. However, these successes have not translated to complex domains where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Sherry Yang

While large language models (LMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across numerous tasks, they often struggle with simple reasoning and planning in physical environments, such as understanding object permanence or planning household…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Jiannan Xiang , Tianhua Tao , Yi Gu , Tianmin Shu , Zirui Wang , Zichao Yang , Zhiting Hu

The rapid evolution of video generation has enabled models to simulate complex physical dynamics and long-horizon causalities, positioning them as potential world simulators. However, a critical gap still remains between the theoretical…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-06 Muyang He , Hanzhong Guo , Junxiong Lin , Yizhou Yu

Achieving Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) requires agents that learn and interact adaptively, with interactive world models providing scalable environments for perception, reasoning, and action. Yet current research still lacks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Jianjie Fang , Yingshan Lei , Qin Wan , Ziyou Wang , Yuchao Huang , Yongyan Xu , Baining Zhao , Weichen Zhang , Chen Gao , Xinlei Chen , Yong Li

Embodied scene understanding serves as the cornerstone for autonomous agents to perceive, interpret, and respond to open driving scenarios. Such understanding is typically founded upon Vision-Language Models (VLMs). Nevertheless, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Yunsong Zhou , Linyan Huang , Qingwen Bu , Jia Zeng , Tianyu Li , Hang Qiu , Hongzi Zhu , Minyi Guo , Yu Qiao , Hongyang Li