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This contribution analyzes the widely used and well-known "intelligent driver model (briefly IDM), which is a second order car-following model governed by a system of ordinary differential equations. Although this model was intensively…

Autonomous vehicles commonly rely on highly detailed birds-eye-view maps of their environment, which capture both static elements of the scene such as road layout as well as dynamic elements such as other cars and pedestrians. Generating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Thomas Roddick , Roberto Cipolla

In order to plan a safe maneuver an autonomous vehicle must accurately perceive its environment, and understand the interactions among traffic participants. In this paper, we aim to learn scene-consistent motion forecasts of complex urban…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Sergio Casas , Cole Gulino , Simon Suo , Katie Luo , Renjie Liao , Raquel Urtasun

Action-conditioned robot world models generate future video frames of the manipulated scene given a robot action sequence, offering a promising alternative for simulating tasks that are difficult to model with traditional physics engines.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Jai Bardhan , Patrik Drozdik , Josef Sivic , Vladimir Petrik

In autonomous driving, end-to-end planners directly utilize raw sensor data, enabling them to extract richer scene features and reduce information loss compared to traditional planners. This raises a crucial research question: how can we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Yingyan Li , Lue Fan , Jiawei He , Yuqi Wang , Yuntao Chen , Zhaoxiang Zhang , Tieniu Tan

Environment prediction frameworks are critical for the safe navigation of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in dynamic settings. LiDAR-generated occupancy grid maps (L-OGMs) offer a robust bird's-eye view for the scene representation, enabling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Bernard Lange , Masha Itkina , Jiachen Li , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Scene understanding and risk-aware attentions are crucial for human drivers to make safe and effective driving decisions. To imitate this cognitive ability in urban autonomous driving while ensuring the transparency and interpretability, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Haichao Liu , Haoren Guo , Pei Liu , Benshan Ma , Yuxiang Zhang , Jun Ma , Tong Heng Lee

World modeling has become a cornerstone in AI research, enabling agents to understand, represent, and predict the dynamic environments they inhabit. While prior work largely emphasizes generative methods for 2D image and video data, they…

End-to-end autonomous driving seeks to solve the perception, decision, and control problems in an integrated way, which can be easier to generalize at scale and be more adapting to new scenarios. However, high costs and risks make it very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Sidney Bender , Tim Joseph , Marius Zoellner

Implicit neural representations have shown promising potential for the 3D scene reconstruction. Recent work applies it to autonomous 3D reconstruction by learning information gain for view path planning. Effective as it is, the computation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Jing Zeng , Yanxu Li , Yunlong Ran , Shuo Li , Fei Gao , Lincheng Li , Shibo He , Jiming chen , Qi Ye

In reinforcement learning (RL), world models serve as internal simulators, enabling agents to predict environment dynamics and future outcomes in order to make informed decisions. While previous approaches leveraging discrete latent spaces,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Aidan Scannell , Mohammadreza Nakhaei , Kalle Kujanpää , Yi Zhao , Kevin Sebastian Luck , Arno Solin , Joni Pajarinen

Determining the state of a mobile robot is an essential building block of robot navigation systems. In this paper, we address the problem of estimating the robots pose in an indoor environment using 2D LiDAR data and investigate how modern…

World simulation has gained increasing popularity due to its ability to model virtual environments and predict the consequences of actions. However, the limited temporal context window often leads to failures in maintaining long-term…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Zeqi Xiao , Yushi Lan , Yifan Zhou , Wenqi Ouyang , Shuai Yang , Yanhong Zeng , Xingang Pan

Effective planning requires strong world models, but high-level world models that can understand and reason about actions with semantic and temporal abstraction remain largely underdeveloped. We introduce the Vision Language World Model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Delong Chen , Theo Moutakanni , Willy Chung , Yejin Bang , Ziwei Ji , Allen Bolourchi , Pascale Fung

Vision-language model (VLM) shows promise for high-level planning in smart manufacturing, yet their deployment in dynamic workcells faces two critical challenges: (1) stateless operation, they cannot persistently track out-of-view states,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Guoqin Tang , Qingxuan Jia , Gang Chen , Tong Li , Zeyuan Huang , Zihang Lv , Ning Ji

Autonomous driving requires efficient reasoning about the location and appearance of the different agents in the scene, which aids in downstream tasks such as object detection, object tracking, and path planning. The past few years have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Sarthak Sharma , Unnikrishnan R. Nair , Udit Singh Parihar , Midhun Menon S , Srikanth Vidapanakal

Diffusion-based models have recently shown strong performance in trajectory planning, as they are capable of capturing diverse, multimodal distributions of complex behaviors. A key limitation of these models is their slow inference speed,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Grayson Lee , Minh Bui , Shuzi Zhou , Yankai Li , Mo Chen , Ke Li

Learning contextual and spatial environmental representations enhances autonomous vehicle's hazard anticipation and decision-making in complex scenarios. Recent perception systems enhance spatial understanding with sensor fusion but often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Shoaib Azam , Farzeen Munir , Ville Kyrki , Moongu Jeon , Witold Pedrycz

An accurate model of the environment and the dynamic agents acting in it offers great potential for improving motion planning. We present MILE: a Model-based Imitation LEarning approach to jointly learn a model of the world and a policy for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Anthony Hu , Gianluca Corrado , Nicolas Griffiths , Zak Murez , Corina Gurau , Hudson Yeo , Alex Kendall , Roberto Cipolla , Jamie Shotton

Data-efficient learning remains a central challenge in autonomous driving due to the high cost and safety risks of large-scale real-world interaction. Although world-model-based reinforcement learning enables policy optimization through…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jiazhuo Li , Linjiang Cao , Qi Liu , Xi Xiong