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Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language processing due to their strong generalization and sequence modeling capabilities. However, their direct application to time series…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yanru Sun , Emadeldeen Eldele , Zongxia Xie , Yucheng Wang , Wenzhe Niu , Qinghua Hu , Chee Keong Kwoh , Min Wu

Time series analysis is critical for emerging net- work intelligent control and management functions. However, existing statistical-based and shallow machine learning models have shown limited prediction capabilities on multivariate time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yufeng Xin , Ethan Fan

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable emergent capabilities through extensive pre-training, they still face critical limitations in generalizing to specialized domains and handling diverse linguistic variations, known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Jinwu Hu , Zhitian Zhang , Guohao Chen , Xutao Wen , Chao Shuai , Wei Luo , Bin Xiao , Yuanqing Li , Mingkui Tan

Test-time scaling (TTS) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for improving the reasoning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) by allocating additional computation at inference, yet its application to multimodal systems such as…

Temporal knowledge graph (TKG) forecasting benchmarks challenge models to predict future facts using knowledge of past facts. In this paper, we apply large language models (LLMs) to these benchmarks using in-context learning (ICL). We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Dong-Ho Lee , Kian Ahrabian , Woojeong Jin , Fred Morstatter , Jay Pujara

Modern large language model (LLM) inference engines optimize throughput and latency under fixed decoding rules, treating generation as a linear progression in token time. We propose a fundamentally different paradigm: entropic\-time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Andrew Kiruluta

Theory of Mind (ToM) is central to social cognition and human-AI interaction, and Large Language Models (LLMs) have been used to help understand and represent ToM. However, most evaluations treat ToM as a static judgment at a single moment,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Thuy Ngoc Nguyen , Duy Nhat Phan , Cleotilde Gonzalez

Large language models (LLMs) often fail to reason under temporal cutoffs: when prompted to answer from the standpoint of an earlier time, they exploit knowledge that became available only later. We study this failure through the lens of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Chenlu Ding , Jiancan Wu , Yanchen Luo , Zheyuan Liu , Yancheng Yuan , Xiang Wang

Temporal knowledge graph question answering (TKGQA) poses a significant challenge task, due to the temporal constraints hidden in questions and the answers sought from dynamic structured knowledge. Although large language models (LLMs) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Yifu Gao , Linbo Qiao , Zhigang Kan , Zhihua Wen , Yongquan He , Dongsheng Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown remarkable advancement in various NLP tasks. As such, a popular trend has emerged lately where NLP researchers extract word/sentence/document embeddings from these large decoder-only models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yash Mahajan , Matthew Freestone , Sathyanarayanan Aakur , Santu Karmaker

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown remarkable advancement in various NLP tasks. As such, a popular trend has emerged lately where NLP researchers extract word/sentence/document embeddings from these large decoder-only models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yash Mahajan , Matthew Freestone , Naman Bansal , Sathyanarayanan Aakur , Shubhra Kanti Karmaker Santu

We introduce TemporalVLM, a video large language model (video LLM) for temporal reasoning and fine-grained understanding in long videos. Our approach includes a visual encoder for mapping a long-term video into features which are time-aware…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Fawad Javed Fateh , Umer Ahmed , Hamza Khan , M. Zeeshan Zia , Quoc-Huy Tran

Scaling laws for large language models (LLMs) have provided useful guidance in training ever larger models for predictable performance gains. Time series forecasting shares a similar sequential structure to language, and is amenable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Thomas D. P. Edwards , James Alvey , Justin Alsing , Nam H. Nguyen , Benjamin D. Wandelt

Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated impressive multimodal reasoning capabilities, yet their understanding of purely numerical time-series signals remains limited. Existing approaches mainly focus on forecasting or trend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Ninghui Feng , Yiyan Qi

Large language models (LLMs) have been introduced to time series forecasting (TSF) to incorporate contextual knowledge beyond numerical signals. However, existing studies question whether LLMs provide genuine benefits, often reporting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Xin Qiu , Junlong Tong , Yirong Sun , Yunpu Ma , Wei Zhang , Xiaoyu Shen

Language evolves over time in many ways relevant to natural language processing tasks. For example, recent occurrences of tokens 'BERT' and 'ELMO' in publications refer to neural network architectures rather than persons. This type of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Johannes Bjerva , Wouter Kouw , Isabelle Augenstein

Multi-modal language model has made advanced progress in vision and audio, but still faces significant challenges in dealing with complex reasoning tasks in the time series domain. The reasons are twofold. First, labels for multi-modal time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Haochuan Zhang , Chunhua Yang , Jie Han , Liyang Qin , Xiaoli Wang

Time series forecasting plays a significant role in finance, energy, meteorology, and IoT applications. Recent studies have leveraged the generalization capabilities of large language models (LLMs) to adapt to time series forecasting,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hao Liu , Xiaoxing Zhang , Chun Yang , Xiaobin Zhu

While Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) achieve strong performance on short audio, they degrade on long-form inputs. This degradation is more severe in temporal awareness tasks, where temporal alignment becomes increasingly inaccurate as…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-27 Mingchen Shao , Hang Su , Wenjie Tian , Bingshen Mu , Zhennan Lin , Lichun Fan , Zhenbo Luo , Jian Luan , Lei Xie

Large language models (LLMs) like transformers demonstrate impressive in-context learning (ICL) capabilities, allowing them to make predictions for new tasks based on prompt exemplars without parameter updates. While existing ICL theories…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Kevin Christian Wibisono , Yixin Wang