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Large Language Models (LLMs) encapsulate a surprising amount of factual world knowledge. However, their performance on temporal questions and historical knowledge is limited because they often cannot understand temporal scope and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Jonas Wallat , Abdelrahman Abdallah , Adam Jatowt , Avishek Anand

Temporal reasoning over tabular data presents substantial challenges for large language models (LLMs), as evidenced by recent research. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of temporal datasets to pinpoint the specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Irwin Deng , Kushagra Dixit , Vivek Gupta , Dan Roth

Language Models (LMs) become outdated as the world changes; they often fail to perform tasks requiring recent factual information which was absent or different during training, a phenomenon called temporal misalignment. This is especially a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Joel Jang , Seonghyeon Ye , Changho Lee , Sohee Yang , Joongbo Shin , Janghoon Han , Gyeonghun Kim , Minjoon Seo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in various NLP tasks, yet they still face significant challenges in reasoning and arithmetic. Temporal reasoning, a critical component of natural language understanding, has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Duygu Sezen Islakoglu , Jan-Christoph Kalo

Large language models (LLMs) often generate self-contradictory outputs, which severely impacts their reliability and hinders their adoption in practical applications. In video-language models (Video-LLMs), this phenomenon recently draws the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Chengzhi Li , Heyan Huang , Ping Jian , Zhen Yang , Yaning Tian , Zhongbin Guo

Large language models (LLMs) acquire most of their knowledge during pretraining, which ties them to a fixed snapshot of the world and makes adaptation to continuously evolving knowledge challenging. As facts, entities, and events change…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Hanbing Liu , Lang Cao , Yang Li

Temporal reasoning is fundamental for large language models (LLMs) to comprehend the world. Current temporal reasoning datasets are limited to questions about single or isolated events, falling short in mirroring the realistic temporal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Zhaochen Su , Juntao Li , Jun Zhang , Tong Zhu , Xiaoye Qu , Pan Zhou , Yan Bowen , Yu Cheng , Min zhang

Large language models (LLMs) excel at operating at scale by leveraging social media and various data crawled from the web. Whereas existing corpora are diverse, their frequent lack of long-term temporal structure may however limit an LLM's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Niharika Hegde , Subarnaduti Paul , Lars Joel-Frey , Manuel Brack , Kristian Kersting , Martin Mundt , Patrick Schramowski

Time series forecasting plays a critical role in decision-making across many real-world applications. Unlike data in vision and language domains, time series data is inherently tied to the evolution of underlying processes and can only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Suhan Guo , Bingxu Wang , Shaodan Zhang , Furao Shen

Reasoning about time is essential for understanding the nuances of events described in natural language. Previous research on this topic has been limited in scope, characterized by a lack of standardized benchmarks that would allow for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Yuqing Wang , Yun Zhao

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown potential in clinical text summarization, but their ability to handle long patient trajectories with multi-modal data spread across time remains underexplored. This study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Maya Kruse , Shiyue Hu , Nicholas Derby , Yifu Wu , Samantha Stonbraker , Bingsheng Yao , Dakuo Wang , Elizabeth Goldberg , Yanjun Gao

The development of highly fluent large language models (LLMs) has prompted increased interest in assessing their reasoning and problem-solving capabilities. We investigate whether several LLMs can solve a classic type of deductive reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Spencer M. Seals , Valerie L. Shalin

The existing methods for evaluating the medical knowledge of Large Language Models (LLMs) are largely based on atemporal examination-style benchmarks, while in reality, medical knowledge is inherently dynamic and continuously evolves as new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zihan Guan , Qiao Jin , Guangzhi Xiong , Fangyuan Chen , Mengxuan Hu , Qingyu Chen , Yifan Peng , Zhiyong Lu , Anil Vullikanti

Temporal concept drift refers to the problem of data changing over time. In NLP, that would entail that language (e.g. new expressions, meaning shifts) and factual knowledge (e.g. new concepts, updated facts) evolve over time. Focusing on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Katerina Margatina , Shuai Wang , Yogarshi Vyas , Neha Anna John , Yassine Benajiba , Miguel Ballesteros

Memory enables Large Language Model (LLM) agents to perceive, store, and use information from past dialogues, which is essential for personalization. However, existing methods fail to properly model the temporal dimension of memory in two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Miao Su , Yucan Guo , Zhongni Hou , Long Bai , Zixuan Li , Yufei Zhang , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Xiaolong Jin , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown strong performance in video understanding tasks. However, they continue to struggle with long-form videos because of an inefficient perception of temporal intervals. Unlike humans, who can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Chenglin Li , Qianglong Chen , fengtao , Yin Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in leveraging diverse knowledge sources. This study investigates how nine widely used LLMs allocate knowledge between local context and global parameters when answering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Yufei Tao , Adam Hiatt , Erik Haake , Antonie J. Jetter , Ameeta Agrawal

In Natural Language Processing(NLP), Event Temporal Relation Extraction (ETRE) is to recognize the temporal relations of two events. Prior studies have noted the importance of language models for ETRE. However, the restricted pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Jie Zhao , Wanting Ning , Yuxiao Fei , Yubo Feng , Lishuang Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities but lack robust temporal intelligence, struggling to integrate reasoning about the past with predictions and plausible generations of the future. Meanwhile, existing methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zijia Liu , Peixuan Han , Haofei Yu , Haoru Li , Jiaxuan You

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle with temporal fact conflicts due to outdated or evolving information in their training data. Two recent studies with accompanying datasets report opposite conclusions on whether external context…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Ritajit Dey , Iadh Ounis , Graham McDonald , Yashar Moshfeghi