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Related papers: Realizing LLMs' Causal Potential Requires Science-…

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This paper introduces a novel, multi-source framework for the relational validation of Large Language Models (LLMs). While existing benchmarks have demonstrated LLMs' proficiency at factual recall, their ability to understand and reproduce…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Moses Boudourides

Causal reasoning, the ability to identify cause-and-effect relationship, is crucial in human thinking. Although large language models (LLMs) succeed in many NLP tasks, it is still challenging for them to conduct complex causal reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Xiao Liu , Da Yin , Chen Zhang , Yansong Feng , Dongyan Zhao

Despite the broad applicability of large language models (LLMs), their reliance on probabilistic inference makes them vulnerable to errors such as hallucination in generated facts and inconsistent output structure in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Xin Lian , Kenneth D. Forbus

In practical statistical causal discovery (SCD), embedding domain expert knowledge as constraints into the algorithm is important for reasonable causal models reflecting the broad knowledge of domain experts, despite the challenges in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Masayuki Takayama , Tadahisa Okuda , Thong Pham , Tatsuyoshi Ikenoue , Shingo Fukuma , Shohei Shimizu , Akiyoshi Sannai

The capabilities and limitations of Large Language Models have been sketched out in great detail in recent years, providing an intriguing yet conflicting picture. On the one hand, LLMs demonstrate a general ability to solve problems. On the…

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results in natural language processing but are prone to memorizing portions of their training data, which can compromise evaluation metrics, raise privacy concerns, and limit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Eduardo Slonski

The development of highly fluent large language models (LLMs) has prompted increased interest in assessing their reasoning and problem-solving capabilities. We investigate whether several LLMs can solve a classic type of deductive reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Spencer M. Seals , Valerie L. Shalin

Understanding how events in a scenario causally connect with each other is important for effectively modeling and reasoning about events. But event reasoning remains a difficult challenge, and despite recent advances, Large Language Models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Mahnaz Koupaee , Xueying Bai , Mudan Chen , Greg Durrett , Nathanael Chambers , Niranjan Balasubramanian

The ability to perform causal reasoning is widely considered a core feature of intelligence. In this work, we investigate whether large language models (LLMs) can coherently reason about causality. Much of the existing work in natural…

State-of-the-art Large Language Models (LLMs) are accredited with an increasing number of different capabilities, ranging from reading comprehension, over advanced mathematical and reasoning skills to possessing scientific knowledge. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Neeladri Bhuiya , Viktor Schlegel , Stefan Winkler

While pre-trained language models (LMs) have brought great improvements in many NLP tasks, there is increasing attention to explore capabilities of LMs and interpret their predictions. However, existing works usually focus only on a certain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Yaozong Shen , Lijie Wang , Ying Chen , Xinyan Xiao , Jing Liu , Hua Wu

The capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have expanded beyond natural language processing to scientific prediction tasks, including molecular property prediction. However, their effectiveness in in-context learning remains…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being applied to tasks that involve causal reasoning. However, current benchmarks often rely on string matching or surface-level metrics that do not capture whether the output of a model is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Paul He , Yinya Huang , Mrinmaya Sachan , Zhijing Jin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for boosting organizational efficiency and automating tasks. While not originally designed for complex cognitive processes, recent efforts have further extended to employ LLMs in activities…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Fabiana Fournier , Lior Limonad , Inna Skarbovsky

Large language models are being widely used across industries to generate content that contributes directly to key performance metrics, such as conversion rates. Pretrained models, however, often fall short when it comes to aligning with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Erfan Loghmani

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to transform financial analytics by integrating numerical and textual data. However, challenges such as insufficient context when fusing multimodal information and the…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-11-14 Hoyoung Lee , Youngsoo Choi , Yuhee Kwon

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant advances in natural language processing, but their underlying mechanisms are often misunderstood. Despite exhibiting coherent answers and apparent reasoning behaviors, LLMs rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Bo Zhou , Daniel Geißler , Paul Lukowicz

With the recent appearance of LLMs in practical settings, having methods that can effectively detect factual inconsistencies is crucial to reduce the propagation of misinformation and improve trust in model outputs. When testing on existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Philippe Laban , Wojciech Kryściński , Divyansh Agarwal , Alexander R. Fabbri , Caiming Xiong , Shafiq Joty , Chien-Sheng Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are extensively used today across various sectors, including academia, research, business, and finance, for tasks such as text generation, summarization, and translation. Despite their widespread adoption, these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Yash Saxena , Sarthak Chopra , Arunendra Mani Tripathi

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) achieve strong performance on visual question answering benchmarks, yet often rely on spurious correlations rather than genuine causal reasoning. Existing evaluations primarily assess the correctness of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Dhita Putri Pratama , Soyeon Caren Han , Yihao Ding