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Reasoning-enabled large language models (LLMs) excel in logical tasks, yet their utility for evaluating natural language generation remains unexplored. This study systematically compares reasoning LLMs with non-reasoning counterparts across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Daniil Larionov , Sotaro Takeshita , Ran Zhang , Yanran Chen , Christoph Leiter , Zhipin Wang , Christian Greisinger , Steffen Eger

The recent DeepSeek-R1 release has demonstrated the immense potential of reinforcement learning (RL) in enhancing the general reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). While DeepSeek-R1 and other follow-up work primarily focus…

Logical reasoning consistently plays a fundamental and significant role in the domains of knowledge engineering and artificial intelligence. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a noteworthy innovation in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Fangzhi Xu , Qika Lin , Jiawei Han , Tianzhe Zhao , Jun Liu , Erik Cambria

Large language models (LLMs) show strong performance across natural language processing (NLP), mathematical reasoning, and programming, and recent large reasoning models (LRMs) further emphasize explicit reasoning. Yet their computational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Hyundong Jin , Joonghyuk Hahn , Yo-Sub Han

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex tasks. Recent advancements in Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), such as OpenAI o1 and DeepSeek-R1, have further improved performance in System-2 reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yang Sui , Yu-Neng Chuang , Guanchu Wang , Jiamu Zhang , Tianyi Zhang , Jiayi Yuan , Hongyi Liu , Andrew Wen , Shaochen Zhong , Na Zou , Hanjie Chen , Xia Hu

Recent studies on post-training large language models (LLMs) for reasoning through reinforcement learning (RL) typically focus on tasks that can be accurately verified and rewarded, such as solving math problems. In contrast, our research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ang Lv , Ruobing Xie , Xingwu Sun , Zhanhui Kang , Rui Yan

The development of reasoning capabilities represents a critical frontier in large language models (LLMs) research, where reinforcement learning (RL) and process reward models (PRMs) have emerged as predominant methodological frameworks.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Zhangying Feng , Qianglong Chen , Ning Lu , Yongqian Li , Siqi Cheng , Shuangmu Peng , Duyu Tang , Shengcai Liu , Zhirui Zhang

Recent breakthroughs in generative reasoning have fundamentally reshaped how large language models (LLMs) address complex tasks, enabling them to dynamically retrieve, refine, and organize information into coherent multi-step reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Norbert Tihanyi , Merouane Debbah

Despite their linguistic competence, Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle to reason reliably and flexibly. To identify these shortcomings, we introduce the Non-Linear Reasoning (NLR) dataset, a collection of 55 unique, hand-designed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Nasim Borazjanizadeh , Steven T. Piantadosi

We present a novel benchmark designed to rigorously evaluate the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in mathematical reasoning and algorithmic code synthesis tasks. The benchmark comprises integer sequence generation tasks sourced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Daniel O'Malley , Manish Bhattarai , Nishath Rajiv Ranasinghe , Erick Draayer , Javier Santos

The recent advent of reasoning models like OpenAI's o1 was met with excited speculation by the AI community about the mechanisms underlying these capabilities in closed models, followed by a rush of replication efforts, particularly from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Brown Ebouky , Andrea Bartezzaghi , Mattia Rigotti

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has been shown to enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), enabling the development of large reasoning models (LRMs). However, LRMs such as DeepSeek-R1 and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yuhao Wang , Xiaopeng Li , Cheng Gong , Ziru Liu , Suiyun Zhang , Rui Liu , Xiangyu Zhao

Large reasoning models such as OpenAI o1 and DeepSeek-R1 have demonstrated remarkable performance in complex reasoning tasks. A critical component of their training is the incorporation of reference-based reward systems within reinforcement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Yuchen Yan , Jin Jiang , Zhenbang Ren , Yijun Li , Xudong Cai , Yang Liu , Xin Xu , Mengdi Zhang , Jian Shao , Yongliang Shen , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their remarkable performance across various language understanding tasks. While emerging benchmarks have been proposed to evaluate LLMs in various domains such as mathematics and computer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Junnan Dong , Zijin Hong , Yuanchen Bei , Feiran Huang , Xinrun Wang , Xiao Huang

Recent large reasoning models (LRMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities through reinforcement learning (RL). These improvements have primarily been observed within the short-context reasoning tasks. In contrast, extending LRMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Fanqi Wan , Weizhou Shen , Shengyi Liao , Yingcheng Shi , Chenliang Li , Ziyi Yang , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Jingren Zhou , Ming Yan

With the emergence of advanced reasoning models like OpenAI o3 and DeepSeek-R1, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities. However, their ability to perform rigorous logical reasoning remains an open…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Hanmeng Liu , Zhizhang Fu , Mengru Ding , Ruoxi Ning , Chaoli Zhang , Xiaozhang Liu , Yue Zhang

Recent advancements in reasoning-enhanced large language models (LLMs), such as DeepSeek-R1 and OpenAI-o3, have demonstrated significant progress. However, their application in professional medical contexts remains underexplored,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Pengcheng Qiu , Chaoyi Wu , Shuyu Liu , Weike Zhao , Zhuoxia Chen , Hongfei Gu , Chuanjin Peng , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Weidi Xie

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning capacities that mirror human-like thinking. However, whether LLMs possess genuine fluid intelligence (i.e., the ability to reason abstractly and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yue Yang , MingKang Chen , Qihua Liu , Mengkang Hu , Qiguang Chen , Gengrui Zhang , Shuyue Hu , Guangtao Zhai , Yu Qiao , Yu Wang , Wenqi Shao , Ping Luo

Large Language Models (LLMs) are highly proficient in language-based tasks. Their language capabilities have positioned them at the forefront of the future AGI (Artificial General Intelligence) race. However, on closer inspection, Valmeekam…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Dibyanayan Bandyopadhyay , Soham Bhattacharjee , Asif Ekbal

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is a promising approach for training language models (LMs) on reasoning tasks that elicit emergent long chains of thought (CoTs). Unlike supervised learning, it updates the model using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Xinyu Zhu , Mengzhou Xia , Zhepei Wei , Wei-Lin Chen , Danqi Chen , Yu Meng