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The emergence of large-scale foundation models (FoMo's) that can perform human-like intelligence motivates their deployment at the network edge for devices to access state-of-the-art artificial intelligence. For better user experiences, the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Hai Wu , Xu Chen , Kaibin Huang

Federated Learning (FL) enables many resource-limited devices to train a model collaboratively without data sharing. However, many existing works focus on model-homogeneous FL, where the global and local models are the same size, ignoring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Hongda Wu , Ping Wang , C V Aswartha Narayana

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has evolved to be one of the main methods for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs). However, existing RLHF methods are non-robust, and their performance deteriorates if the downstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Debmalya Mandal , Paulius Sasnauskas , Goran Radanovic

Federated learning (FL), as an emerging edge artificial intelligence paradigm, enables many edge devices to collaboratively train a global model without sharing their private data. To enhance the training efficiency of FL, various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Wenzhi Fang , Ziyi Yu , Yuning Jiang , Yuanming Shi , Colin N. Jones , Yong Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) have made significant strides in complex tasks, yet their widespread adoption is impeded by substantial computational demands. With hundreds of billion parameters, transformer-based LLMs necessitate months of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Pihe Hu , Shaolong Li , Longbo Huang

Federated Learning (FL) is an innovative distributed machine learning paradigm that enables multiple parties to collaboratively train a model without sharing their raw data, thereby preserving data privacy. Communication efficiency concerns…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Peishen Yan , Jun Li , Hao Wang , Tao Song , Yang Hua , Lu Peng , Haihui Zhou , Haibing Guan

Fine-tuning language models (LMs) has yielded success on diverse downstream tasks, but as LMs grow in size, backpropagation requires a prohibitively large amount of memory. Zeroth-order (ZO) methods can in principle estimate gradients using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Sadhika Malladi , Tianyu Gao , Eshaan Nichani , Alex Damian , Jason D. Lee , Danqi Chen , Sanjeev Arora

To address data locality and privacy restrictions, Federated Learning (FL) has recently been adopted to fine-tune large language models (LLMs), enabling improved performance on various downstream tasks without requiring aggregated data.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Han Liu , Ruoyao Wen , Srijith Nair , Jia Liu , Wenjing Lou , Chongjie Zhang , William Yeoh , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Ning Zhang

Federated Learning (FL) is a decentralized collaborative Machine Learning framework for training models without collecting data in a centralized location. It has seen application across various disciplines, from helping medical diagnoses in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Arno Geimer , Karthick Panner Selvam , Beltran Fiz Pontiveros

Most decentralized optimization algorithms are handcrafted. While endowed with strong theoretical guarantees, these algorithms generally target a broad class of problems, thereby not being adaptive or customized to specific problem…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-03 Yutong He , Qiulin Shang , Xinmeng Huang , Jialin Liu , Kun Yuan

Federated Learning (FL) facilitates collaborative model training across distributed clients while ensuring data privacy. Traditionally, FL relies on a centralized server to coordinate learning, which creates bottlenecks and a single point…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Phani Sahasra Akkinepally , Manaswini Piduguralla , Sushant Joshi , Sathya Peri , Sandeep Kulkarni

Mixture of Experts (MoE) has become a mainstream architecture for building Large Language Models (LLMs) by reducing per-token computation while enabling model scaling. It can be viewed as partitioning a large Feed-Forward Network (FFN) at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Weilin Cai , Le Qin , Shwai He , Junwei Cui , Ang Li , Jiayi Huang

Transfer learning via fine-tuning pre-trained transformer models has gained significant success in delivering state-of-the-art results across various NLP tasks. In the absence of centralized data, Federated Learning (FL) can benefit from…

Sparsely-activated Mixture of Experts (MoE) transformers are promising architectures for foundation models. Compared to dense transformers that require the same amount of floating-point operations (FLOPs) per forward pass, MoEs benefit from…

Federated learning enables a population of clients to collaboratively train machine learning models without exchanging their raw data, but standard algorithms such as FedAvg suffer from slow convergence and high communication and memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Yutong He , Zhengyang Huang , Jiahe Geng

Federated Learning (FL) trains machine learning models on edge devices with distributed data. However, the computational and memory limitations of these devices restrict the training of large models using FL. Split Federated Learning (SFL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Di Wu , Weibo He , Wanglei Feng , Zhenyu Wen , Bin Qian , Blesson Varghese

Large language models (LLMs) deployed on edge servers are increasingly used in latency-sensitive applications such as personalized assistants, recommendation, and content moderation. However, the non-stationary nature of user data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yufei Li , Yu Fu , Yue Dong , Cong Liu

Federated Learning (FL) has recently received a lot of attention for large-scale privacy-preserving machine learning. However, high communication overheads due to frequent gradient transmissions decelerate FL. To mitigate the communication…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Milad Khademi Nori , Sangseok Yun , Il-Min Kim

With increasing data and model complexities, the time required to train neural networks has become prohibitively large. To address the exponential rise in training time, users are turning to data parallel neural networks (DPNN) to utilize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Daniel Coquelin , Charlotte Debus , Markus Götz , Fabrice von der Lehr , James Kahn , Martin Siggel , Achim Streit

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a powerful foundation for intelligent reasoning and decision-making, demonstrating substantial impact across a wide range of domains and applications. However, their massive parameter scales and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Mingyu Sun , Xiao Zhang , Shen Qu , Yan Li , Mengbai Xiao , Yuan Yuan , Dongxiao Yu