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Vision-language-action (VLA) models are effective robot action executors, but they remain limited on long-horizon tasks due to the dual burden of extended closed-loop planning and diverse physical operations. We therefore propose…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zixing Lei , Changxing Liu , Yichen Xiong , Minhao Xiong , Yuanzhuo Ding , Zhipeng Zhang , Weixin Li , Siheng Chen

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are a promising paradigm for generalist robotic manipulation by grounding high-level semantic instructions into executable physical actions. However, prevailing approaches typically adopt a monolithic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Yifei Wei , Linqing Zhong , Yi Liu , Yuxiang Lu , Xindong He , Maoqing Yao , Guanghui Ren

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models achieve over 95% success on standard benchmarks. However, through systematic experiments, we find that current state-of-the-art VLA models largely ignore language instructions. Prior work lacks: (1)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yuchen Hou , Lin Zhao

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models mark a transformative advancement in artificial intelligence, aiming to unify perception, natural language understanding, and embodied action within a single computational framework. This foundational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Ranjan Sapkota , Yang Cao , Konstantinos I. Roumeliotis , Manoj Karkee

AI practitioners increasingly use large language model (LLM) agents in compound AI systems to solve complex reasoning tasks, these agent executions often fail to meet human standards, leading to errors that compromise the system's overall…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yoo Yeon Sung , Hannah Kim , Dan Zhang

While vision-language-action (VLA) models for embodied agents integrate perception, reasoning, and control, they remain constrained by two critical weaknesses: first, during grasping tasks, the action tokens generated by the language model…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Wentao Zhang , Aolan Sun , Wentao Mo , Xiaoyang Qu , Yuxin Zheng , Jianzong Wang

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have emerged as generalist robotic controllers capable of mapping visual observations and natural language instructions to continuous action sequences. However, VLAs provide no calibrated measure of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lingling Chen , Zongyao Lyu , William J. Beksi

Vision-language action (VLA) policies often report strong manipulation benchmark performance with relatively few demonstrations, but it remains unclear whether this reflects robust language-to-object grounding or reliance on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-02 David Emukpere , Romain Deffayet , Jean-Michel Renders

Recent advances in vision-language-action (VLA) models have motivated the extension of their capabilities to embodied settings, where reinforcement learning (RL) offers a principled way to optimize task success through interaction. However,…

The rapid advancement of generative AI and multi-modal foundation models has shown significant potential in advancing robotic manipulation. Vision-language-action (VLA) models, in particular, have emerged as a promising approach for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Zhijie Wang , Zhehua Zhou , Jiayang Song , Yuheng Huang , Zhan Shu , Lei Ma

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models remain brittle in long-horizon, contact-rich manipulation because success-only imitation provides little supervision for execution drift, while failed rollouts are often discarded. We introduce RePO-VLA,…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models demonstrate promising generalization in robotic manipulation, driven by advances in large-scale vision and language pre-training. This progress can be misleading. Despite the zero-shot perception and…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently emerged in autonomous driving, with the promise of leveraging rich world knowledge to improve the cognitive capabilities of driving systems. However, adapting such models for driving tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yongkang Li , Lijun Zhou , Sixu Yan , Bencheng Liao , Tianyi Yan , Kaixin Xiong , Long Chen , Hongwei Xie , Bing Wang , Guang Chen , Hangjun Ye , Wenyu Liu , Haiyang Sun , Xinggang Wang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models empower robots to understand and execute tasks described by natural language instructions. However, a key challenge lies in their ability to generalize beyond the specific environments and conditions they…

Vision-language-action models (VLAs) have garnered significant attention for their potential in advancing robotic manipulation. However, previous approaches predominantly rely on the general comprehension capabilities of vision-language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Yuqi Wang , Xinghang Li , Wenxuan Wang , Junbo Zhang , Yingyan Li , Yuntao Chen , Xinlong Wang , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Vision Language Action (VLA) models represent a transformative shift in robotics, with the aim of unifying visual perception, natural language understanding, and embodied control within a single learning framework. This review presents a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Muhayy Ud Din , Waseem Akram , Lyes Saad Saoud , Jan Rosell , Irfan Hussain

Recently in robotics, Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a transformative approach, enabling robots to execute complex tasks by integrating visual and linguistic inputs within an end-to-end learning framework. Despite their…

In this paper, we introduce a novel kinematics-rich vision-language-action (VLA) task, in which language commands densely encode diverse kinematic attributes (such as direction, trajectory, orientation, and relative displacement) from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Gaoge Han , Zhengqing Gao , Ziwen Li , Jiaxin Huang , Shaoli Huang , Fakhri Karray , Mingming Gong , Tongliang Liu

Humans possess a unified cognitive ability to perceive, comprehend, and interact with the physical world. Why can't large language models replicate this holistic understanding? Through a systematic analysis of existing training paradigms in…

The pursuit of robot generalists, agents capable of performing diverse tasks across diverse environments, demands rigorous and scalable evaluation. Yet real-world testing of robot policies remains fundamentally constrained: it is…