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Related papers: Detecting Adversarial Fine-tuning with Auditing Ag…

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Decentralized applications (DApps) face significant security risks due to vulnerabilities in smart contracts, with traditional detection methods struggling to address emerging and machine-unauditable flaws. This paper proposes a novel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jiuyang Bu , Wenkai Li , Zongwei Li , Zeng Zhang , Xiaoqi Li

Detecting hidden behaviors in neural networks poses a significant challenge due to minimal prior knowledge and potential adversarial obfuscation. We explore this problem by framing detection as an adversarial game between two teams: the red…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Ishwar Balappanawar , Venkata Hasith Vattikuti , Greta Kintzley , Ronan Azimi-Mancel , Satvik Golechha

LLM agents have begun to appear as personal assistants, customer service bots, and clinical aides. While these applications deliver substantial operational benefits, they also require continuous access to sensitive data, which increases the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Saswat Das , Jameson Sandler , Ferdinando Fioretto

Harmful fine-tuning attacks pose a major threat to the security of large language models (LLMs), allowing adversaries to compromise safety guardrails with minimal harmful data. While existing defenses attempt to reinforce LLM alignment,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yuhui Wang , Rongyi Zhu , Ting Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated powerful capabilities that render them valuable in different applications, including conversational AI products. It is paramount to ensure the security and reliability of these products by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Melissa Kazemi Rad , Huy Nghiem , Andy Luo , Sahil Wadhwa , Mohammad Sorower , Stephen Rawls

Large language models (LLMs) are vulnerable when trained on datasets containing harmful content, which leads to potential jailbreaking attacks in two scenarios: the integration of harmful texts within crowdsourced data used for pre-training…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Xiaoqun Liu , Jiacheng Liang , Muchao Ye , Zhaohan Xi

Motivated by the challenge to improve the adversarial robustness, security, and trust of medical decision making intelligent agents, this study develops a full-link security enhancement framework, which describes "input risk perception -…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Saisai Hu

Large language model (LLM) agents have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex reasoning and decision-making by leveraging external tools. However, this tool-centric paradigm introduces a previously underexplored attack surface,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Kanghua Mo , Li Hu , Yucheng Long , Zhihao Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language tasks, but their safety and morality remain contentious due to their training on internet text corpora. To address these concerns, alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Mohammad Bahrami Karkevandi , Nishant Vishwamitra , Peyman Najafirad

The emergence of LLM (Large Language Model) integrated virtual assistants has brought about a rapid transformation in communication dynamics. During virtual assistant development, some developers prefer to leverage the system message, also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Chun Fai Chan , Daniel Wankit Yip , Aysan Esmradi

Autonomous agent frameworks built upon large language models (LLMs) are evolving into complex, tool-integrated, and continuously operating systems, introducing security risks beyond traditional prompt-level vulnerabilities. As this paradigm…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Luyao Xu , Xiang Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as agents that orchestrate tasks and integrate external tools to execute complex workflows. We demonstrate that these interactive behaviors leave distinctive fingerprints in encrypted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yixiang Zhang , Xinhao Deng , Zhongyi Gu , Yihao Chen , Ke Xu , Qi Li , Jianping Wu

The increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, such as Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to nontrivial improvements in various tasks, including accurate authorship identification of documents. However, while LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Kenneth Alperin , Rohan Leekha , Adaku Uchendu , Trang Nguyen , Srilakshmi Medarametla , Carlos Levya Capote , Seth Aycock , Charlie Dagli

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications ranging from chatbots to agentic systems, where they are expected to process untrusted data and follow trusted instructions. Failure to distinguish between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Xiaoxue Yang , Bozhidar Stevanoski , Matthieu Meeus , Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye

LLM-based code interpreter agents are increasingly deployed in critical workflows, yet their robustness against risks introduced by their code execution capabilities remains underexplored. Existing benchmarks are limited to static datasets…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Lei Ba , Qinbin Li , Songze Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being enhanced with the ability to use tools and to process multiple modalities. These new capabilities bring new benefits and also new security risks. In this work, we show that an attacker can use visual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Xiaohan Fu , Zihan Wang , Shuheng Li , Rajesh K. Gupta , Niloofar Mireshghallah , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Earlence Fernandes

In this paper, we present a novel approach to improving software quality and efficiency through a Large Language Model (LLM)-based model designed to review code and identify potential issues. Our proposed LLM-based AI agent model is trained…

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized AI deployment, enabling autonomous and semi-autonomous applications across industries through intuitive language interfaces and continuous improvements in model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Adam Swanda , Amy Chang , Alexander Chen , Fraser Burch , Paul Kassianik , Konstantin Berlin

Despite the general capabilities of Large Language Models (LLM), these models still request fine-tuning or adaptation with customized data when meeting specific business demands. However, this process inevitably introduces new threats,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Jiongxiao Wang , Jiazhao Li , Yiquan Li , Xiangyu Qi , Junjie Hu , Yixuan Li , Patrick McDaniel , Muhao Chen , Bo Li , Chaowei Xiao

As AI systems are increasingly used to conduct research autonomously, misaligned systems could introduce subtle flaws that produce misleading results while evading detection. We introduce Auditing Sabotage Bench, a benchmark for evaluating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Eric Gan , Aryan Bhatt , Buck Shlegeris , Julian Stastny , Vivek Hebbar