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Despite widespread success in language understanding and generation, large language models (LLMs) exhibit unclear and often inconsistent behavior when faced with tasks that require probabilistic reasoning. In this work, we present the first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Mobina Pournemat , Keivan Rezaei , Gaurang Sriramanan , Arman Zarei , Jiaxiang Fu , Yang Wang , Hamid Eghbalzadeh , Soheil Feizi

The relationship between communicated language and intended meaning is often probabilistic and sensitive to context. Numerous strategies attempt to estimate such a mapping, often leveraging recursive Bayesian models of communication. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Benjamin Lipkin , Lionel Wong , Gabriel Grand , Joshua B Tenenbaum

The degree of semantic relatedness of two units of language has long been considered fundamental to understanding meaning. Additionally, automatically determining relatedness has many applications such as question answering and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Mohamed Abdalla , Krishnapriya Vishnubhotla , Saif M. Mohammad

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across various linguistic tasks. However, it remains uncertain whether LLMs have developed human-like fine-grained grammatical intuition. This preregistered study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zhuang Qiu , Xufeng Duan , Zhenguang G. Cai

Word complexity is defined in a number of different ways. Psycholinguistic, morphological and lexical proxies are often used. Human ratings are also used. The problem here is that these proxies do not measure complexity directly, and human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Michael Dalvean

Linguistic evaluations of how well LMs generalize to produce or understand language often implicitly take for granted that natural languages are generated by symbolic rules. According to this perspective, grammaticality is determined by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Leonie Weissweiler , Kyle Mahowald , Adele Goldberg

Much of the power of probabilistic methods in modelling language comes from their ability to compare several derivations for the same string in the language. An important starting point for the study of such cross-derivational properties is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Anoop Sarkar

Human and model-generated texts can be distinguished by examining the magnitude of likelihood in language. However, it is becoming increasingly difficult as language model's capabilities of generating human-like texts keep evolving. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yang Xu , Yu Wang , Hao An , Zhichen Liu , Yongyuan Li

Traditional linguistic theories have largely regard language as a formal system composed of rigid rules. However, their failures in processing real language, the recent successes in statistical natural language processing, and the findings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Shuiyuan Yu , Chunshan Xu , Haitao Liu

Autoregressive language models (LMs) map token sequences to probabilities. The usual practice for computing the probability of any character string (e.g. English sentences) is to first transform it into a sequence of tokens that is scored…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Nadezhda Chirkova , Germán Kruszewski , Jos Rozen , Marc Dymetman

_Uncertainty expressions_ such as "probably" or "highly unlikely" are pervasive in human language. While prior work has established that there is population-level agreement in terms of how humans quantitatively interpret these expressions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Catarina G Belem , Markelle Kelly , Mark Steyvers , Sameer Singh , Padhraic Smyth

Nous pr\'esentons dans cette contribution une approche \`a la fois symbolique et probabiliste permettant d'extraire l'information sur la segmentation du signal de parole \`a partir d'information prosodique. Nous utilisons pour ce faire des…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2008-12-18 Irina Nesterenko , Stéphane Rauzy

The paper presents a language model that develops syntactic structure and uses it to extract meaningful information from the word history, thus enabling the use of long distance dependencies. The model assigns probability to every joint…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ciprian Chelba

Most research related to unithood were conducted as part of a larger effort for the determination of termhood. Consequently, novelties are rare in this small sub-field of term extraction. In addition, existing work were mostly empirically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2008-10-02 Wilson Wong , Wei Liu , Mohammed Bennamoun

The relationship between the quality of a string, as judged by a human reader, and its probability, $p(\boldsymbol{y})$ under a language model undergirds the development of better language models. For example, many popular algorithms for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Naaman Tan , Josef Valvoda , Tianyu Liu , Anej Svete , Yanxia Qin , Kan Min-Yen , Ryan Cotterell

Today's probabilistic language generators fall short when it comes to producing coherent and fluent text despite the fact that the underlying models perform well under standard metrics, e.g., perplexity. This discrepancy has puzzled the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Clara Meister , Tiago Pimentel , Gian Wiher , Ryan Cotterell

Word embeddings have been found to capture a surprisingly rich amount of syntactic and semantic knowledge. However, it is not yet sufficiently well-understood how the relational knowledge that is implicitly encoded in word embeddings can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-22 Zied Bouraoui , Shoaib Jameel , Steven Schockaert

Human processing of idioms relies on understanding the contextual sentences in which idioms occur, as well as language-intrinsic features such as frequency and speaker-intrinsic factors like familiarity. While LLMs have shown high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Maggie Mi , Aline Villavicencio , Nafise Sadat Moosavi

Neural language models learn, to varying degrees of accuracy, the grammatical properties of natural languages. In this work, we investigate whether there are systematic sources of variation in the language models' accuracy. Focusing on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Charles Yu , Ryan Sie , Nico Tedeschi , Leon Bergen

There is much debate over the degree to which language learning is governed by innate language-specific biases, or acquired through cognition-general principles. Here we examine the probabilistic language acquisition hypothesis on three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2010-06-17 Anne S. Hsu , Nick Chater , Paul M. B. Vitanyi