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What happens when an infinite number of players play a quantum game? In this tutorial, we will answer this question by looking at the emergence of cooperation, in the presence of noise, in a one-shot quantum Prisoner's dilemma (QuPD). We…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-04-17 Colin Benjamin , Rajdeep Tah

Quantum Annealing (QA) is a quantum computing paradigm for solving combinatorial optimization problems formulated as Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems. An essential step in QA is minor embedding, which maps the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Riccardo Nembrini , Maurizio Ferrari Dacrema , Paolo Cremonesi

Quantum generalizations of conventional games broaden the range of available strategies, which can help improve outcomes for the participants. With many players, such quantum games can involve entanglement among many states which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-06 Kay-Yut Chen , Tad Hogg , Raymond Beausoleil

Examples of games between two partners with mixed strategies, calculated by the use of the probability amplitude as some vector in Hilbert space are given. The games are macroscopic, no microscopic quantum agent is supposed. The reason for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 A. A. Grib , A. Yu. Khrennikov , G. N. Parfionov , K. A. Starkov

We introduce Contested Logistics Games, a variant of logistics problems that account for the presence of an adversary that can disrupt the movement of goods in selected areas. We model this as a large two-player zero-sum one-shot game…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Jakub Cerny , Chun Kai Ling , Darshan Chakrabarti , Jingwen Zhang , Gabriele Farina , Christian Kroer , Garud Iyengar

We consider the problem of learning discriminative representations for data in a high-dimensional space with distribution supported on or around multiple low-dimensional linear subspaces. That is, we wish to compute a linear injective map…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-07 Druv Pai , Michael Psenka , Chih-Yuan Chiu , Manxi Wu , Edgar Dobriban , Yi Ma

Multipartite information principles are needed to understand nonlocal quantum correlations. Towards that end, we provide optimal bounds on genuine multipartite nonlocality for classes of THRESHOLD games using the LOCCG (Local Operations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Hafiza Rumlah Amer , Jibran Rashid

We study the classical and quantum values of one- and two-party linear games, an important class of unique games that generalizes the well-known XOR games to the case of non-binary outcomes. We introduce a ``constraint graph" associated to…

The Leggett-Garg inequalities have been proposed to identify the quantum behaviour of a system; specifically, the violation of macrorealism. They are usually implemented by performing two sequential measurements on quantum systems,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 D. Melegari , M. Cardi , P. Solinas

We study the applicability of quantum algorithms in computational game theory and generalize some results related to Subtraction games, which are sometimes referred to as one-heap Nim games. In quantum game theory, a subset of Subtraction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-15 Dmitry Kravchenko , Kamil Khadiev , Danil Serov , Ruslan Kapralov

The quantum internet aims to interconnect distant devices and enable large-scale computation through distributed quantum algorithms. One of the key obstacles is communication latency during computation. Even separations of a few hundred…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Yerim Kim , Kiwmann Hwang , Hyukjoon Kwon , Yosep Kim

Non-locality is a feature of quantum mechanics that cannot be explained by local realistic theory. It can be detected by the violation of Bell's inequality. In this work, we have considered the evaluation of Bell's inequality with the help…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-21 Anuma Garg , Satyabrata Adhikari

We present a novel algorithm for game-theoretic trajectory planning, tailored for settings in which agents can only observe one another in specific regions of the state space. Such problems arise naturally in the context of multi-robot…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Kushagra Gupta , David Fridovich-Keil

We give an explicit family of XOR games with O(n)-bit questions requiring 2^n ebits to play near-optimally. More generally we introduce a new technique for proving lower bounds on the amount of entanglement required by an XOR game: we show…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 William Slofstra

We consider the natural extension of two-player nonlocal games to an arbitrary number of players. An important question for such nonlocal games is their behavior under parallel repetition. For two-player nonlocal games, it is known that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-15 Harry Buhrman , Serge Fehr , Christian Schaffner

The Mermin-Peres magic square game is a cooperative two-player nonlocal game in which shared quantum entanglement allows the players to win with certainty, while players limited to classical operations cannot do so, a phenomenon dubbed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-09-19 Alex Arkhipov

As quantum processors advance, the emergence of large-scale decentralized systems involving interacting quantum-enabled agents is on the horizon. Recent research efforts have explored quantum versions of Nash and correlated equilibria as…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Wayne Lin , Georgios Piliouras , Ryann Sim , Antonios Varvitsiotis

We prove that any two-party correlation in the commuting operator model can be approximated using a tracially embeddable strategy, a class of strategies defined on a finite tracial von Neumann algebra, which we define in this paper. Using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Junqiao Lin

This paper introduces a new paradigm for AI game programming, leveraging large language models (LLMs) to extend and operationalize Claude Shannon's taxonomy of game-playing machines. Central to this paradigm is Nemobot, an interactive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Chee Wei Tan , Yuchen Wang , Shangxin Guo

We consider quantum variants of Parrondo games on low-dimensional Hilbert spaces. The two games which form the Parrondo game are implemented as quantum walks on a small cycle of length $M$. The dimension of the Hilbert space is $2M$. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-30 Andreas Mielke