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While orthogonal subspace methods try to mitigate task interference in Continual Learning (CL), they often suffer from energy diffusion across the basis, hindering knowledge compaction and exhausting capacity for future tasks. We observe…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Longhua Li , Lei Qi , Qi Tian , Xin Geng

Adapting Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) to real-world scenarios poses the dual challenges of learning from sequential data streams while handling frequent modality incompleteness, a task known as Continual Missing Modality Learning (CMML).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xiwei Liu , Yulong Li , Feilong Tang , Imran Razzak

Deep hashing has been widely used for large-scale approximate nearest neighbor search due to its storage and search efficiency. However, existing deep hashing methods predominantly rely on abundant training data, leaving the more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Shu Zhao , Tan Yu , Xiaoshuai Hao , Wenchao Ma , Vijaykrishnan Narayanan

Continual learning in Neural Machine Translation (NMT) faces the dual challenges of catastrophic forgetting and the high computational cost of retraining. This study establishes Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) as a parameter-efficient framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Salvador Carrión , Francisco Casacuberta

We revisit continual learning~(CL), which enables pre-trained vision transformers (ViTs) to sequentially fine-tune on new downstream tasks over time. However, as the scale of these models increases, catastrophic forgetting remains a more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Huancheng Chen , Jingtao Li , Weiming Zhuang , Chen Chen , Lingjuan Lyu

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has shifted focus from general-purpose capabilities to domain-specific expertise. However, adapting LLMs to specialized fields such as medicine presents two challenge: (1) the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Yuxin Yang , Aoxiong Zeng , Xiangquan Yang

The rehearsal strategy is widely used to alleviate the catastrophic forgetting problem in class incremental learning (CIL) by preserving limited exemplars from previous tasks. With imbalanced sample numbers between old and new classes, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Xiuwei Chen , Xiaobin Chang

Deep neural networks (DNNs) often underperform in real-world, dynamic settings where data distributions change over time. Domain Incremental Learning (DIL) offers a solution by enabling continual model adaptation, with Parameter-Isolation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Qiang Wang , Xiang Song , Yuhang He , Jizhou Han , Chenhao Ding , Xinyuan Gao , Yihong Gong

Continual learning (CL) aims to train models that can learn a sequence of tasks without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. A core challenge in CL is balancing stability -- preserving performance on old tasks -- and plasticity --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Zhenrong Liu , Janne M. J. Huttunen , Mikko Honkala

Unsupervised continual learning remains a relatively uncharted territory in the existing literature because the vast majority of existing works call for unlimited access of ground truth incurring expensive labelling cost. Another issue lies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Mahardhika Pratama , Andri Ashfahani , Edwin Lughofer

This paper investigates domain generalization: How to take knowledge acquired from an arbitrary number of related domains and apply it to previously unseen domains? We propose Domain-Invariant Component Analysis (DICA), a kernel-based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-01-11 Krikamol Muandet , David Balduzzi , Bernhard Schölkopf

Fine-tuning has become a popular approach to adapting large foundational models to specific tasks. As the size of models and datasets grows, parameter-efficient fine-tuning techniques are increasingly important. One of the most widely used…

We consider estimation under scenarios where the signals of interest exhibit change of characteristics over time. In particular, we consider the continual learning problem where different tasks, e.g., data with different distributions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Martin Hellkvist , Ayça Özçelikkale , Anders Ahlén

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has gained popularity for fine-tuning large foundation models, leveraging low-rank matrices $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$ to represent weight changes (i.e., $\Delta \mathbf{W} = \mathbf{B} \mathbf{A}$). This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Aochuan Chen , Jiashun Cheng , Zijing Liu , Ziqi Gao , Fugee Tsung , Yu Li , Jia Li

The goal of continual learning is to improve the performance of recognition models in learning sequentially arrived data. Although most existing works are established on the premise of learning from scratch, growing efforts have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Gengwei Zhang , Liyuan Wang , Guoliang Kang , Ling Chen , Yunchao Wei

Continual learning requires learning incremental tasks with dynamic data distributions. So far, it has been observed that employing a combination of contrastive loss and distillation loss for training in continual learning yields strong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Yichen Wen , Zhiquan Tan , Kaipeng Zheng , Chuanlong Xie , Weiran Huang

This paper focuses on Federated Domain-Incremental Learning (FDIL) where each client continues to learn incremental tasks where their domain shifts from each other. We propose a novel adaptive knowledge matching-based personalized FDIL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Yichen Li , Wenchao Xu , Haozhao Wang , Ruixuan Li , Yining Qi , Jingcai Guo

Class-incremental with repetition (CIR), where previously trained classes repeatedly introduced in future tasks, is a more realistic scenario than the traditional class incremental setup, which assumes that each task contains unseen…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Taeheon Kim , San Kim , Minhyuk Seo , Dongjae Jeon , Wonje Jeung , Jonghyun Choi

Catastrophic forgetting has remained a critical challenge for deep neural networks in Continual Learning (CL) as it undermines consolidated knowledge when learning new tasks. Parameter efficient fine tuning CL techniques are gaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Prashant Shivaram Bhat , Shakib Yazdani , Elahe Arani , Bahram Zonooz

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as one of the most effective, computationally tractable fine-tuning approaches for training Vision-Language Models (VLMs) and Large Language Models (LLMs). LoRA accomplishes this by freezing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Nastaran Saadati , Zhanhong Jiang , Joshua R. Waite , Shreyan Ganguly , Aditya Balu , Chinmay Hegde , Soumik Sarkar