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This paper introduces, for the first time to our knowledge, physics-informed neural networks to accurately estimate the AC-OPF result and delivers rigorous guarantees about their performance. Power system operators, along with several other…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-29 Rahul Nellikkath , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

Optimal power flow (OPF) is a very fundamental but vital optimization problem in the power system, which aims at solving a specific objective function (ex.: generator costs) while maintaining the system in the stable and safe operations. In…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-09 Yuhao Zhou , Bei Zhang , Chunlei Xu , Tu Lan , Ruisheng Diao , Di Shi , Zhiwei Wang , Wei-Jen Lee

The Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem is pivotal for power system operations, guiding generator output and power distribution to meet demand at minimized costs, while adhering to physical and engineering constraints. The integration of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Chen Li , Alexander Kies , Kai Zhou , Markus Schlott , Omar El Sayed , Mariia Bilousova , Horst Stoecker

We analyze and contrast two ways to train machine learning models for solving AC optimal power flow (OPF) problems, distinguished with the loss functions used. The first trains a mapping from the loads to the optimal dispatch decisions,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-02 Ge Chen , Junjie Qin

We explore machine learning methods for AC Optimal Powerflow (ACOPF) - the task of optimizing power generation in a transmission network according while respecting physical and engineering constraints. We present two formulations of ACOPF…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Neel Guha , Zhecheng Wang , Matt Wytock , Arun Majumdar

The optimal power flow problem plays an important role in the market clearing and operation of electric power systems. However, with increasing uncertainty from renewable energy operation, the optimal operating point of the system changes…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-01-25 Yeesian Ng , Sidhant Misra , Line A. Roald , Scott Backhaus

AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problems need to be solved more frequently in the future to maintain stable and economic power system operation. To tackle this challenge, a deep neural network-based voltage-constrained approach (DeepOPF-V)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-20 Wanjun Huang , Xiang Pan , Minghua Chen , Steven H. Low

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem can be rapidly and reliably solved by employing responsive online solvers based on neural networks. The dynamic nature of renewable energy generation and the variability of power grid conditions…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-25 Kejun Chen , Shourya Bose , Yu Zhang

The AC Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) problem is central to power system operation but challenging to solve efficiently due to its nonconvex and nonlinear nature. Neural networks (NNs) offer fast surrogates, yet their black-box behavior raises…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Bastien Giraud , Rahul Nellikath , Johanna Vorwerk , Maad Alowaifeer , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

With increasing share of renewables in power generation mix, system operators would need to run Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problems closer to real-time to better manage uncertainty. Given that OPF is an expensive optimization problem to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-22 Alex Robson , Mahdi Jamei , Cozmin Ududec , Letif Mones

Learning to solve the Alternating Current Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) problem by neural networks (NNs) is a promising approach in real-time applications. Existing methods to ensure the physical feasibility of NN outputs embed a power flow…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiebao Zhang , Haoyu Yan , Zhichao Sheng , Hongwen Yu , Shuang Ye , Haoyu Wang , Ye Shi

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is a very traditional research area within the power systems field that seeks for the optimal operation point of electric power plants, and which needs to be solved every few minutes in real-world scenarios.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ángela López-Cardona , Guillermo Bernárdez , Pere Barlet-Ros , Albert Cabellos-Aparicio

DC Optimal Power Flow (DC-OPF) problems optimize the generators' active power setpoints while satisfying constraints based on the DC power flow linearization. The computational tractability advantages of DC-OPF problems come at the expense…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Babak Taheri , Daniel K. Molzahn

There is a growing need for new optimization methods to facilitate the reliable and cost-effective operation of power systems with intermittent renewable energy resources. In this paper, we formulate the robust AC optimal power flow…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-04-03 Raphael Louca , Eilyan Bitar

The AC Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) problem is a core building block in electrical transmission system. It seeks the most economical active and reactive generation dispatch to meet demands while satisfying transmission operational limits. It…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-16 Terrence W. K. Mak , Ferdinando Fioretto , Pascal VanHentenryck

This paper presents a parametric quadratic approximation of the AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem for time-sensitive and market-based applications. The parametric approximation preserves the physics-based but simple representation…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-25 Gonzalo E. Constante-Flores , André H. Quisaguano , Antonio J. Conejo , Can Li

This paper proposes a novel machine-learning approach for predicting AC-OPF solutions that features a fast and scalable training. It is motivated by the two critical considerations: (1) the fact that topology optimization and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Minas Chatzos , Terrence W. K. Mak , Pascal Van Hentenryck

This paper focuses on an AC optimal power flow (OPF) problem for distribution feeders equipped with controllable distributed energy resources (DERs). We consider a solution method that is based on a continuous approximation of the projected…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-26 Damola Ajeyemi , Yiting Chen , Antonin Colot , Jorge Cortes , Emiliano Dall'Anese

Optimal power flow (OPF) is the central optimization problem in electric power grids. Although solved routinely in the course of power grid operations, it is known to be strongly NP-hard in general, and weakly NP-hard over tree networks. In…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-06-22 Krishnamurthy Dvijotham , Pascal Van Hentenryck , Michael Chertkov , Sidhant Misra , Marc Vuffray

Optimal power flow (OPF) is an important tool for Independent System Operators (ISOs) to deal with the power generation management. With the increasing penetration of renewable energy into power grids, challenges arise in tackling the OPF…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-27 Jia Yang , Jun Song , Chaoyue Zhao