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Puns are a common form of rhetorical wordplay that exploits polysemy and phonetic similarity to create humor. In multimodal puns, visual and textual elements synergize to ground the literal sense and evoke the figurative meaning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Naen Xu , Jiayi Sheng , Changjiang Li , Chunyi Zhou , Yuyuan Li , Tianyu Du , Jun Wang , Zhihui Fu , Jinbao Li , Shouling Ji

Hate speech has emerged as a major problem plaguing our social spaces today. While there have been significant efforts to address this problem, existing methods are still significantly limited in effectively detecting hate speech online. A…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Keyan Guo , Alexander Hu , Jaden Mu , Ziheng Shi , Ziming Zhao , Nishant Vishwamitra , Hongxin Hu

The exponential growth of social media has profoundly transformed how information is created, disseminated, and absorbed, exceeding any precedent in the digital age. Regrettably, this explosion has also spawned a significant increase in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Hongzhan Lin , Ziyang Luo , Bo Wang , Ruichao Yang , Jing Ma

Internet memes are powerful tools for communication, capable of spreading political, psychological, and sociocultural ideas. However, they can be harmful and can be used to disseminate hate toward targeted individuals or groups. Although…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Felix Breiteneder , Mohammad Belal , Muhammad Saad Saeed , Shahed Masoudian , Usman Naseem , Kulshrestha Juhi , Markus Schedl , Shah Nawaz

Cultural context profoundly shapes how people interpret online content, yet vision-language models (VLMs) remain predominantly trained through Western or English-centric lenses. This limits their fairness and cross-cultural robustness in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Mo Wang , Kaixuan Ren , Pratik Jalan , Ahmed Ashraf , Tuong Vy Vu , Rahul Seetharaman , Shah Nawaz , Usman Naseem

The advent of Large Language Models LLMs marks a milestone in Artificial Intelligence, altering how machines comprehend and generate human language. However, LLMs are vulnerable to malicious prompt injection attacks, where crafted inputs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Sahasra Kokkula , Somanathan R , Nandavardhan R , Aashishkumar , G Divya

In the digital world, memes present a unique challenge for content moderation due to their potential to spread harmful content. Although detection methods have improved, proactive solutions such as intervention are still limited, with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Prince Jha , Raghav Jain , Konika Mandal , Aman Chadha , Sriparna Saha , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

This paper has been accepted in the NeurIPS 2024 D & B Track. Harmful memes have proliferated on the Chinese Internet, while research on detecting Chinese harmful memes significantly lags behind due to the absence of reliable datasets and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Junyu Lu , Bo Xu , Xiaokun Zhang , Hongbo Wang , Haohao Zhu , Dongyu Zhang , Liang Yang , Hongfei Lin

With the continuous emergence of various social media platforms frequently used in daily life, the multimodal meme understanding (MMU) task has been garnering increasing attention. MMU aims to explore and comprehend the meanings of memes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Li Zheng , Hao Fei , Ting Dai , Zuquan Peng , Fei Li , Huisheng Ma , Chong Teng , Donghong Ji

Comedy serves as a profound reflection of the times we live in and is a staple element of human interactions. In light of the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), the intersection of humor and AI has become no laughing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Adrianna Romanowski , Pedro H. V. Valois , Kazuhiro Fukui

Memes are popular in the modern world and are distributed primarily for entertainment. However, harmful ideologies such as misogyny can be propagated through innocent-looking memes. The detection and understanding of why a meme is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Kushal Kanwar , Dushyant Singh Chauhan , Gopendra Vikram Singh , Asif Ekbal

Internet memes have become pervasive carriers of digital culture on social platforms. However, their heavy reliance on metaphors and sociocultural context also makes them subtle vehicles for harmful content, posing significant challenges…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yaocong Li , Leihan Zhang , Le Zhang , Qiang Yan

Hateful memes have emerged as a significant concern on the Internet. Detecting hateful memes requires the system to jointly understand the visual and textual modalities. Our investigation reveals that the embedding space of existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Jingbiao Mei , Jinghong Chen , Weizhe Lin , Bill Byrne , Marcus Tomalin

This work proposes a new challenge set for multimodal classification, focusing on detecting hate speech in multimodal memes. It is constructed such that unimodal models struggle and only multimodal models can succeed: difficult examples…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Douwe Kiela , Hamed Firooz , Aravind Mohan , Vedanuj Goswami , Amanpreet Singh , Pratik Ringshia , Davide Testuggine

The prevalence of memes on social media has created the need to sentiment analyze their underlying meanings for censoring harmful content. Meme censoring systems by machine learning raise the need for a semi-supervised learning solution to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Pham Thai Hoang Tung , Nguyen Tan Viet , Ngo Tien Anh , Phan Duy Hung

Meme-based social abuse detection is challenging because harmful intent often relies on implicit cultural symbolism and subtle cross-modal incongruence. Prior approaches, from fusion-based methods to in-context learning with Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Sahil Tripathi , Gautam Siddharth Kashyap , Mehwish Nasim , Jian Yang , Jiechao Gao , Usman Naseem

Large Language Models (LLMs), representing a significant achievement in artificial intelligence (AI) research, have demonstrated their ability in a multitude of tasks. This project aims to explore the capabilities of GPT-3.5, a leading…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Jingjing Wang , Joshua Luo , Grace Yang , Allen Hong , Feng Luo

Traditional online content moderation systems struggle to classify modern multimodal means of communication, such as memes, a highly nuanced and information-dense medium. This task is especially hard in a culturally diverse society like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Cao Yuxuan , Wu Jiayang , Alistair Cheong Liang Chuen , Bryan Shan Guanrong , Theodore Lee Chong Jen , Sherman Chann Zhi Shen

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have taken the spotlight in natural language processing. Further, integrating LLMs with vision enables the users to explore more emergent abilities in multimodality. Visual language models (VLMs), such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Minh-Hao Van , Xintao Wu

The rapid spread of memes makes harmful content detection increasingly crucial, as effective identification can curb the circulation of misinformation. However, existing methods rely heavily on high-volume annotated data, which leads to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Zihan Ding , Ziyuan Yang , Yi Zhang