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The increasing computational demand of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) necessitates energy-efficient acceleration strategies. Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures based on Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) offer a promising…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-25 José Cubero-Cascante , Rebecca Pelke , Noah Flohr , Arunkumar Vaidyanathan , Rainer Leupers , Jan Moritz Joseph

Large persistent memories such as NVDIMM have been perceived as a disruptive memory technology, because they can maintain the state of a system even after a power failure and allow the system to recover quickly. However, overheads incurred…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Jie Zhang , Miryeong Kwon , Donghyun Gouk , Sungjoon Koh , Nam Sung Kim , Mahmut Taylan Kandemir , Myoungsoo Jung

Traditional Von Neumann computing is falling apart in the era of exploding data volumes as the overhead of data transfer becomes forbidding. Instead, it is more energy-efficient to fuse compute capability with memory where the data reside.…

Battery-less technology evolved to replace battery technology. Non-volatile memory (NVM) based processors were explored to store the program state during a power failure. The energy stored in a capacitor is used for a backup during a power…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-02 SatyaJaswanth Badri , Mukesh Saini , Neeraj Goel

Content addressable memory is popular in intelligent computing systems as it allows parallel content-searching in memory. Emerging CAMs show a promising increase in bitcell density and a decrease in power consumption than pure CMOS…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-17 Yihan Pan , Adrian Wheeldon , Mohammed Mughal , Shady Agwa , Themis Prodromakis , Alexantrou Serb

Near-data in-storage processing research has been gaining momentum in recent years. Typical processing-in-storage architecture places a single or several processing cores inside the storage and allows data processing without transferring it…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Leonid Yavits , Roman Kaplan , Ran Ginosar

Deployment of modern TinyML tasks on small battery-constrained IoT devices requires high computational energy efficiency. Analog In-Memory Computing (IMC) using non-volatile memory (NVM) promises major efficiency improvements in deep neural…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Angelo Garofalo , Gianmarco Ottavi , Francesco Conti , Geethan Karunaratne , Irem Boybat , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi

Modern data-driven applications expose limitations of von Neumann architectures - extensive data movement, low throughput, and poor energy efficiency. Accelerators improve performance but lack flexibility and require data transfers.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Vincenzo Petrolo , Flavia Guella , Michele Caon , Pasquale Davide Schiavone , Guido Masera , Maurizio Martina

NVMs have promising advantages (e.g., lower idle power, higher density) over the existing predominant main memory technology, DRAM. Yet, NVMs also have disadvantages (e.g., limited endurance). System architects are therefore examining…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Reza Salkhordeh , Onur Mutlu , Hossein Asadi

AI chips commonly employ SRAM memory as buffers for their reliability and speed, which contribute to high performance. However, SRAM is expensive and demands significant area and energy consumption. Previous studies have explored replacing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Duy-Thanh Nguyen , Abhiroop Bhattacharjee , Abhishek Moitra , Priyadarshini Panda

The rapid growth of LLMs demands high-throughput, memory-capacity-intensive inference on resource-constrained edge devices, where single-batch decoding remains fundamentally memory-bound. Existing out-of-core GPU-based and SSD-like…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Mingbo Hao , Changwei Yan , Haoyu Cui , Zhihao Yan , Yizhi Ding , Zhangrui Qian , Weiwei Shan

Compute-in-memory (CiM) is a promising approach to alleviating the memory wall problem for domain-specific applications. Compared to current-domain CiM solutions, charge-domain CiM shows the opportunity for higher energy efficiency and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Guodong Yin , Yi Cai , Juejian Wu , Zhengyang Duan , Zhenhua Zhu , Yongpan Liu , Yu Wang , Huazhong Yang , Xueqing Li

Byte-addressable non-volatile main memory (NVM) demands transactional mechanisms to access and manipulate data on NVM atomically. Those transaction mechanisms often employ a logging mechanism (undo logging or redo logging). However, the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-04-19 Kai Wu , Jie Ren , Dong Li

Despite huge success of artificial intelligence, hardware systems running these algorithms consume orders of magnitude higher energy compared to the human brain, mainly due to heavy data movements between the memory unit and the computation…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Amogh Agrawal , Aayush Ankit , Kaushik Roy

The performance and efficiency of running large-scale datasets on traditional computing systems exhibit critical bottlenecks due to the existing "power wall" and "memory wall" problems. To resolve those problems, processing-in-memory (PIM)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Yinglin Zhao , Jianlei Yang , Bing Li , Xingzhou Cheng , Xucheng Ye , Xueyan Wang , Xiaotao Jia , Zhaohao Wang , Youguang Zhang , Weisheng Zhao

Crossbar arrays of resistive memories (RRAM) hold the promise of enabling In-Memory Computing (IMC), but essential challenges due to the impact of device imperfection and device endurance have yet to be overcome. In this work, we…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-03-04 E. Esmanhotto , T. Hirtzlin , N. Castellani , S. Martin , B. Giraud , F. Andrieu , J. F. Nodin , D. Querlioz , J-M. Portal , E. Vianello

In-memory computing (IMC) on a monolithic chip for deep learning faces dramatic challenges on area, yield, and on-chip interconnection cost due to the ever-increasing model sizes. 2.5D integration or chiplet-based architectures interconnect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Gokul Krishnan , Sumit K. Mandal , Manvitha Pannala , Chaitali Chakrabarti , Jae-sun Seo , Umit Y. Ogras , Yu Cao

Bit-serial Processing-In-Memory (PIM) is an attractive paradigm for accelerator architectures, for parallel workloads such as Deep Learning (DL), because of its capability to achieve massive data parallelism at a low area overhead and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Aman Arora , Jian Weng , Siyuan Ma , Tony Nowatzki , Lizy K. John

Compute-in-memory (CIM) has shown significant potential in efficiently accelerating deep neural networks (DNNs) at the edge, particularly in speeding up quantized models for inference applications. Recently, there has been growing interest…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Zhiqiang Yi , Yiwen Liang , Weidong Cao

The ever-increasing computation complexity of fastgrowing Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) has requested new computing paradigms to overcome the memory wall in conventional Von Neumann computing architectures. The emerging Computing-In-Memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Kaining Zhou , Yangshuo He , Rui Xiao , Jiayi Liu , Kejie Huang