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Batch prompting is a common technique in large language models (LLMs) used to process multiple inputs simultaneously, aiming to improve computational efficiency. However, as batch sizes increase, performance degradation often occurs due to…
The centimeter-scale cyborg insects have a potential advantage for application in narrow environments where humans cannot operate. To realize such tasks, researchers have developed a small printed-circuit-board (PCB) which an insect can…
Quadruped robots are becoming increasingly essential for various applications, including industrial inspection and catastrophe search and rescue. These scenarios require robots to possess enhanced agility and obstacle-navigation skills.…
Different evolutionary models are known to make disparate predictions for the success of an invading mutant in some situations. For example, some evolutionary mechanics lead to amplification of selection in structured populations, while…
Dynamical properties of two-component mass-imbalanced few-fermion systems confined in a one-dimensional harmonic trap following a sudden quench of interactions are studied. It is assumed that initially the system is prepared in the…
Rapid transduction of sensory stimulation to action is essential for an animal to survive. To this end, most animals use the sub-second excitable and multistable dynamics of a neuromuscular system. Here, studying an animal without neurons…
Inertia amplification is a mechanism coupling degrees of freedom within a vibrating structure. Its goal is to achieve an apparent high dynamic mass and, accordingly, a low resonance frequency. Such structures have been described for use in…
This paper derives the asymptotic behavior of realized power variation of pure-jump It\^{o} semimartingales as the sampling frequency within a fixed interval increases to infinity. We prove convergence in probability and an associated…
In statistical mechanics, the Potts model is a model for interacting spins with more than two discrete states. Neural networks which exhibit features of learning and associative memory can also be modeled by a system of Potts spins. A…
Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has been prominently employed for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs). However, the limited expressive capacity of LoRA, stemming from the low-rank constraint, has been recognized as a…
We propose a minimal model of predator-swarm interactions which captures many of the essential dynamics observed in nature. Different outcomes are observed depending on the predator strength. For a "weak" predator, the swarm is able to…
With the wide adoption of language models for IR -- and specifically RAG systems -- the latency of the underlying LLM becomes a crucial bottleneck, since the long contexts of retrieved passages lead large prompts and therefore, compute…
We study the pedestrian escape from an obscure corridor using a lattice gas model with two species of particles. One species, called passive, performs a symmetric random walk on the lattice, whereas the second species, called active, is…
We show that the vertex-reinforced jump process on the $d$-dimensional lattice with long-range jumps is transient in any dimension $d$ as long as the initial weights do not decay too fast. The main ingredients in the proof are: an analysis…
We present Step-Back Prompting, a simple prompting technique that enables LLMs to do abstractions to derive high-level concepts and first principles from instances containing specific details. Using the concepts and principles to guide…
Flapping wings enable flying animals and biomimetic robots to generate elevated aerodynamic forces. Measurements that demonstrate this capability are based on tethered experiments with robots and animals, and indirect force calculations…
The purpose of this paper is to investigate properties of self-exciting jump processes. We derive the Laplace transform of SDE driven self-exciting processes with independent, identically distributed jump sizes. By using this Laplace…
Some carnivorous mammals (e.g., cats and dogs) lap water with their tongues to drink water at high frequencies. Such a fast moving tongue creates a liquid column out of a bath which is bitten by the mouth for drinking. Presumably, the…
Collective patterns of motion emerge across biological taxa: insects swarm, fish school, and birds flock. In particular, large migratory birds form strikingly ordered V-shaped formations, which experiments and direct numerical simulations…
Laser-plasma accelerators outperform current radiofrequency technology in acceleration strength by orders of magnitude. Yet, enabling them to deliver competitive beam quality for demanding applications, particularly in terms of energy…