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Multipartite entangled states are great resources for quantum networks. In this work we study the distribution, or routing, of entangled states over fixed, but arbitrary, physical networks. Our simplified model represents each use of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-04 Clément Meignant , Damian Markham , Frédéric Grosshans

The evolution of quantum computing technologies has been advancing at a steady pace in the recent years, and the current trend suggests that it will become available at scale for commercial purposes in the near future. The acceleration can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-29 Claudio Cicconetti , Marco Conti , Andrea Passarella

Quantum communication networks enable applications ranging from highly secure communication to clock synchronization and distributed quantum computing. Miniaturized, flexible, and cost-efficient resources will be key elements for ensuring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-17 F. Appas , F. Baboux , M. I. Amanti , A. Lemaître , F. Boitier , E. Diamanti , S. Ducci

In the Quantum Internet, multipartite entanglement enables a rich and dynamic overlay topology, referred to as artificial topology, upon the physical one, that can be exploited for communication purposes. In fact, the ability to extract…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-30 Si-Yi Chen , Angela Sara Cacciapuoti , Marcello Caleffi

Effective routing of entanglements over a quantum network is a fundamental problem in quantum communication. Due to the fragility of quantum states, it is difficult to route entanglements at long distances. Graph states can be utilized for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-24 Nirupam Basak , Goutam Paul

Small interconnected quantum processors can collaborate to tackle quantum computational problems that typically demand more capable devices. These linked processors, referred to as quantum nodes, can use shared entangled states to execute…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-26 Lars Talsma , Álvaro G. Iñesta , Stephanie Wehner

Quantum networks, which enable the transfer of quantum information across long distances, promise to provide exciting benefits and new possibilities in many areas including communication, computation, security, and metrology. These networks…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-14 Alexander Kolar , Allen Zang , Joaquin Chung , Martin Suchara , Rajkumar Kettimuthu

The quantum internet is a rapidly developing technological reality, yet, it remains unclear what kind of quantum network structures might emerge. Since indirect quantum communication is already feasible and preserves absolute security of…

A quantum internet holds promise for achieving distributed quantum sensing and large-scale quantum computer networks, as well as quantum communication among arbitrary clients all over the globe. The main building block is efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-19 Koji Azuma

Quantum metrology offers a quadratic advantage over classical approaches to parameter estimation problems by utilizing entanglement and nonclassicality. However, the hurdle of actually implementing the necessary quantum probe states and…

We consider entanglement-based quantum networks, where multipartite entangled resource states are distributed and stored among the nodes and locally manipulated upon request to establish the desired target configuration. Separating the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-29 Maria Flors Mor-Ruiz , Wolfgang Dür

Quantum networks are natural scenarios for the communication of information among distributed parties, and the arena of promising schemes for distributed quantum computation. Measurement-based quantum computing is a prominent example of how…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-14 Mario Arnolfo Ciampini , Paolo Mataloni , Mauro Paternostro

Large-scale quantum networks, necessary for distributed quantum information processing, are posited to have quantum entangled systems between distant network nodes. The extent and quality of distributed entanglement in a quantum network,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-08 Md Sohel Mondal , Dov Fields , Vladimir S. Malinovsky , Siddhartha Santra

Society relies and depends increasingly on information exchange and communication. In the quantum world, security and privacy is a built-in feature for information processing. The essential ingredient for exploiting these quantum advantages…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-27 Michael Epping , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

Graph states are an important class of multipartite entangled quantum states. We propose a new approach for distributing graph states across a quantum network. We consider a quantum network consisting of nodes-quantum computers within which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Alex Fischer , Don Towsley

We consider multi-path routing of entanglement in quantum networks, where a pre-prepared multipartite entangled 2D cluster state serves as a resource to perform different tasks on demand. We show how to achieve parallel connections between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Julia Freund , Alexander Pirker , Wolfgang Dür

A quantum network promises to enable long distance quantum communication, and assemble small quantum devices into a large quantum computing cluster. Each network node can thereby be seen as a small few qubit quantum computer. Qubits can be…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-10-18 Eddie Schoute , Laura Mancinska , Tanvirul Islam , Iordanis Kerenidis , Stephanie Wehner

Quantum computing networks enable scalable collaboration and secure information exchange among multiple classical and quantum computing nodes while executing large-scale generative AI computation tasks and advanced quantum algorithms.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Minrui Xu , Dusit Niyato , Jiawen Kang , Zehui Xiong , Yuan Cao , Yulan Gao , Chao Ren , Han Yu

The quantum internet is one of the frontiers of quantum information science. It will revolutionize the way we communicate and do other tasks, and it will allow for tasks that are not possible using the current, classical internet. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-31 Sumeet Khatri

Quantum information technology has the potential to revolutionize computing, communications, and security. To fully realize its potential, quantum processors with millions of qubits are needed, which is still far from being accomplished.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Nicholas Skjellum , Mohamed Shaban , Muhammad Ismail