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PDE-constrained optimization problems find many applications in medical image analysis, for example, neuroimaging, cardiovascular imaging, and oncological imaging. We review related literature and give examples on the formulation,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-25 Andreas Mang , Amir Gholami , Christos Davatzikos , George Biros

The Bayesian approach to inverse problems provides a practical way to solve ill-posed problems by augmenting the observation model with prior information. Due to the measure-theoretic underpinnings, the approach has raised theoretical…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-12 Daniela Calvetti , Erkki Somersalo

Inferring the parameters of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) from noisy observations is an important problem in many scientific fields. Currently, most parameter estimation methods that bypass numerical integration tend to rely on…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-25 Mingwei Xu , Samuel W. K. Wong , Peijun Sang

Inverse problems arise anywhere we have indirect measurement. As, in general they are ill-posed, to obtain satisfactory solutions for them needs prior knowledge. Classically, different regularization methods and Bayesian inference based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-31 Ali Mohammad-Djafari , Ning Chu , Li Wang , Liang Yu

This study investigates the variational posterior convergence rates of inverse problems for partial differential equations (PDEs) with parameters in Besov spaces $B_{pp}^\alpha$ ($p \geq 1$) which are modeled naturally in a Bayesian manner…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-17 Shaokang Zu , Junxiong Jia , Zhiguo Wang

In this paper, we propose a data-driven model reduction method to solve parabolic inverse source problems efficiently. Our method consists of offline and online stages. In the off-line stage, we explore the low-dimensional structures in the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-10-18 Zhongjian Wang , Wenlong Zhang , Zhiwen Zhang

Ordinary differential equation (ODE) is widely used in modeling biological and physical processes in science. In this article, we propose a new reproducing kernel-based approach for estimation and inference of ODE given noisy observations.…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-26 Xiaowu Dai , Lexin Li

Bayesian statistical inverse problems are often solved with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)-type schemes. When the problems are governed by large-scale discrete nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), they are computationally…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-09-06 Howard C. Elman , Akwum Onwunta

We present a method for computing A-optimal sensor placements for infinite-dimensional Bayesian linear inverse problems governed by PDEs with irreducible model uncertainties. Here, irreducible uncertainties refers to uncertainties in the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-08-26 Karina Koval , Alen Alexanderian , Georg Stadler

These lecture notes highlight the mathematical and computational structure relating to the formulation of, and development of algorithms for, the Bayesian approach to inverse problems in differential equations. This approach is fundamental…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-07-03 Masoumeh Dashti , Andrew M. Stuart

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (N-ODEs) are a powerful building block for learning systems, which extend residual networks to a continuous-time dynamical system. We propose a Bayesian version of N-ODEs that enables well-calibrated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Andreas Look , Melih Kandemir

We consider inverse problems estimating distributed parameters from indirect noisy observations through discretization of continuum models described by partial differential or integral equations. It is well understood that the errors…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-10-09 Albero Bocchinfuso , Daniela Calvetti , Erkki Somersalo

To quantify uncertainties in inverse problems of partial differential equations (PDEs), we formulate them into statistical inference problems using Bayes' formula. Recently, well-justified infinite-dimensional Bayesian analysis methods have…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-09 Junxiong Jia , Yanni Wu , Peijun Li , Deyu Meng

These lecture notes summarize various summer schools that I have given on the topic of solving inverse problems (state and parameter estimation) by combining optimally measurement observations and parametrized PDE models. After defining a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-16 Olga Mula

Characterizing statistical properties of solutions of inverse problems is essential for decision making. Bayesian inversion offers a tractable framework for this purpose, but current approaches are computationally unfeasible for most…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-18 Jonas Adler , Ozan Öktem

State-dependent parameter identification, where unknown model parameters depend on one or more state variables in partial differential equations (PDEs) or coupled PDE systems, is fundamental to a wide range of problems in physics,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-19 Vladislav Bukshtynov

Bayesian inverse problems use data to update a prior probability distribution on uncertain parameter values to a posterior distribution. Such problems arise in many structural engineering applications, but computational solution of Bayesian…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Jakob Scheffels , Elizabeth Qian , Iason Papaioannou , Elisabeth Ullmann

Solving inverse partial differential equation (PDE) problems is a fundamental topic in scientific research due to its broad significance across a wide range of real-world applications. Inverse PDE problems arise across medical imaging,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhentao Tan , Yuze Hao , Boyi Zou , Mingsheng Long , Yi Yang , Gang Bao

Systems modeled by partial differential equations (PDEs) are at least as ubiquitous as systems that are by nature finite-dimensional and modeled by ordinary differential equations (ODEs). And yet, systematic and readily usable…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-11 Rafael Vazquez , Jean Auriol , Federico Bribiesca-Argomedo , Miroslav Krstic

Optimal experimental design (OED) plays an important role in the problem of identifying uncertainty with limited experimental data. In many applications, we seek to minimize the uncertainty of a predicted quantity of interest (QoI) based on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-01-06 Keyi Wu , Peng Chen , Omar Ghattas