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Agents rarely act in isolation -- their behavioral history, in particular, is public to others. We seek a non-asymptotic understanding of how a leader agent should shape this history to its maximal advantage, knowing that follower agent(s)…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Vidya Muthukumar , Anant Sahai

In multi-agent problems requiring a high degree of cooperation, success often depends on the ability of the agents to adapt to each other's behavior. A natural solution concept in such settings is the Stackelberg equilibrium, in which the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Robert Loftin , Mustafa Mert Çelikok , Herke van Hoof , Samuel Kaski , Frans A. Oliehoek

The hierarchical interaction between the actor and critic in actor-critic based reinforcement learning algorithms naturally lends itself to a game-theoretic interpretation. We adopt this viewpoint and model the actor and critic interaction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Liyuan Zheng , Tanner Fiez , Zane Alumbaugh , Benjamin Chasnov , Lillian J. Ratliff

Here we present a ground-breaking new postulate for game theory. The first part of this postulate contains the axiomatic observation that all games are created by a designer, whether they are: e.g., (dynamic/static) or…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-02 Jie Dong , Nicole Sawyer , David Smith

We study incentive designs for a class of stochastic Stackelberg games with one leader and a large number of (finite as well as infinite population of) followers. We investigate whether the leader can craft a strategy under a dynamic…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Sina Sanjari , Subhonmesh Bose , Tamer Başar

Dynamic game theory is an increasingly popular tool for modeling multi-agent, e.g. human-robot, interactions. Game-theoretic models presume that each agent wishes to minimize a private cost function that depends on others' actions. These…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Cade Armstrong , Ryan Park , Xinjie Liu , Kushagra Gupta , David Fridovich-Keil

Two-player mean-payoff Stackelberg games are nonzero-sum infinite duration games played on a bi-weighted graph by Leader (Player 0) and Follower (Player 1). Such games are played sequentially: first, Leader announces her strategy, second,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-04 Mrudula Balachander , Shibashis Guha , Jean-François Raskin

A Stackelberg game is played between a leader and a follower. The leader first chooses an action, then the follower plays his best response. The goal of the leader is to pick the action that will maximize his payoff given the follower's…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-11-19 Aaron Roth , Jonathan Ullman , Zhiwei Steven Wu

Algorithms for playing in Stackelberg games have been deployed in real-world domains including airport security, anti-poaching efforts, and cyber-crime prevention. However, these algorithms often fail to take into consideration the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Keegan Harris , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Maria-Florina Balcan

Recent results in the ML community have revealed that learning algorithms used to compute the optimal strategy for the leader to commit to in a Stackelberg game, are susceptible to manipulation by the follower. Such a learning algorithm…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Georgios Birmpas , Jiarui Gan , Alexandros Hollender , Francisco J. Marmolejo-Cossío , Ninad Rajgopal , Alexandros A. Voudouris

In this paper, we address the inverse problem for linear-quadratic differential non-cooperative games with output-feedback. Given players' stabilizing feedback laws, the goal is to find cost function parameters that lead to a game for which…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-27 Emin Martirosyan , Ming Cao

We argue for the use of active learning methods for player modelling. In active learning, the learning algorithm chooses where to sample the search space so as to optimise learning progress. We hypothesise that player modelling based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-12-11 Julian Togelius , Noor Shaker , Georgios N. Yannakakis

We consider the following two-player game: using observational data, the leader chooses a prediction function for a response variable $Y$ from given covariates. The follower then reacts with an intervention on some covariates in the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-19 Linus Kühne , Felix Schur , Jonas Peters

We introduce and study incentive equilibria for multi-player meanpayoff games. Incentive equilibria generalise well-studied solution concepts such as Nash equilibria and leader equilibria (also known as Stackelberg equilibria). Recall that…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-11-03 Anshul Gupta , M. S. Krishna Deepak , Bharath Kumar Padarthi , Sven Schewe , Ashutosh Trivedi

We study payoff manipulation in repeated multi-objective Stackelberg games, where a leader may strategically influence a follower's deterministic best response, e.g., by offering a share of their own payoff. We assume that the follower's…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Phurinut Srisawad , Juergen Branke , Long Tran-Thanh

This paper studies a Stackelberg game wherein a sender (leader) attempts to shape the information of a less informed receiver (follower) who in turn takes an action that determines the payoff for both players. The sender chooses signals to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Reema Deori , Ankur A. Kulkarni

We consider the problem of learning to exploit learning algorithms through repeated interactions in games. Specifically, we focus on the case of repeated two player, finite-action games, in which an optimizer aims to steer a no-regret…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Yizhou Zhang , Yi-An Ma , Eric Mazumdar

The paper is devoted to inverse Stackelberg games with many players. We consider both static and differential games. The main assumption of the paper is the compactness of the strategy sets. We obtain the characterization of inverse…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-04-21 Yurii Averboukh

We initiate the study of structured Stackelberg games, a novel form of strategic interaction between a leader and a follower where contextual information can be predictive of the follower's (unknown) type. Motivated by applications such as…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Maria-Florina Balcan , Kiriaki Fragkia , Keegan Harris

This paper investigates the convergence of learning dynamics in Stackelberg games. In the class of games we consider, there is a hierarchical game being played between a leader and a follower with continuous action spaces. We establish a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-07 Tanner Fiez , Benjamin Chasnov , Lillian J. Ratliff