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Semantic parsing methods for converting text to SQL queries enable question answering over structured data and can greatly benefit analysts who routinely perform complex analytics on vast data stored in specialized relational databases.…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Mounica Maddela , Lingjue Xie , Daniel Preotiuc-Pietro , Mausam

Text-to-SQL systems translate natural language questions into SQL queries, providing substantial value for non-expert users. While large language models (LLMs) show promising results for this task, they remain error-prone. Query ambiguity…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhongjun Ding , Yin Lin , Tianjing Zeng , Rong Zhu , Bolin Ding , Jingren Zhou

Converting natural language (NL) questions into SQL queries, referred to as Text-to-SQL, has emerged as a pivotal technology for facilitating access to relational databases, especially for users without SQL knowledge. Recent progress in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yiming Huang , Jiyu Guo , Wenxin Mao , Cuiyun Gao , Peiyi Han , Chuanyi Liu , Qing Ling

Translating users' natural language queries (NL) into SQL queries (i.e., Text-to-SQL, a.k.a. NL2SQL) can significantly reduce barriers to accessing relational databases and support various commercial applications. The performance of…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Xinyu Liu , Shuyu Shen , Boyan Li , Peixian Ma , Runzhi Jiang , Yuxin Zhang , Ju Fan , Guoliang Li , Nan Tang , Yuyu Luo

Text-to-SQL is a technology that converts natural language queries into the structured query language SQL. A novel research approach that has recently gained attention focuses on methods based on the complexity of SQL queries, achieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Jiawen Yi , Guo Chen , Zixiang Shen

To access data stored in relational databases, users need to understand the database schema and write a query using a query language such as SQL. To simplify this task, text-to-SQL models attempt to translate a user's natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Amol Kelkar , Rohan Relan , Vaishali Bhardwaj , Saurabh Vaichal , Chandra Khatri , Peter Relan

Text-to-SQL, a pivotal natural language processing (NLP) task that converts textual queries into executable SQL, has seen substantial progress in recent years. However, existing evaluation and reward mechanisms used to train and assess the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Guifeng Wang , Yuanfeng Song , Meng Yang , Tao Zhu , Xiaoming Yin , Xing Chen

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced text-to-SQL systems. However, most LLM-based methods often narrowly focus on SQL generation, neglecting the complexities of real-world conversational queries.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Ziming Guo , Chao Ma , Yinggang Sun , Tiancheng Zhao , Guangyao Wang , Hai Huang

Relational databases are foundational to numerous domains, including business intelligence, scientific research, and enterprise systems. However, accessing and analyzing structured data often requires proficiency in SQL, which is a skill…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Luyu Qiu , Jianing Li , Chi Su , Lei Chen

Large language models (LLMs) with in-context learning have significantly improved the performance of text-to-SQL task. Previous works generally focus on using exclusive SQL generation prompt to improve the LLMs' reasoning ability. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Zhenhe Wu , Zhongqiu Li , Jie Zhang , Mengxiang Li , Yu Zhao , Ruiyu Fang , Zhongjiang He , Xuelong Li , Zhoujun Li , Shuangyong Song

Text-to-SQLs enables non-expert users to effortlessly retrieve desired information from relational databases using natural language queries. While recent advancements, particularly with Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT and T5, have…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Shouvon Sarker , Xishuang Dong , Xiangfang Li , Lijun Qian

Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with complex Text-to-SQL queries that demand both sophisticated mathematical reasoning and intricate schema navigation. Existing methods often tackle these challenges in isolation, creating a fractured…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Xutao Mao , Tao Liu , Hongying Zan

Recent divide-and-conquer reasoning approaches, particularly those based on Chain-of-Thought (CoT), have substantially improved the Text-to-SQL capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, when applied to complex enterprise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Zhifeng Hao , Qibin Song , Ruichu Cai , Boyan Xu

In Text-to-SQL, execution feedback is essential for guiding large language models (LLMs) to reason accurately and generate reliable SQL queries. However, existing methods treat execution feedback solely as a post-hoc signal for correction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yaxun Dai , Wenxuan Xie , Xialie Zhuang , Tianyu Yang , Yiying Yang , Haiqin Yang , Yuhang Zhao , Pingfu Chao , Wenhao Jiang

Text-to-SQL is a key natural language processing task that maps natural language questions to SQL queries, enabling intuitive interaction with web-based databases. Although current methods perform well on benchmarks like BIRD and Spider,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Tao Liu , Jiafan Lu , Bohan Yu , Pengcheng Wu , Liu Haixin , Guoyu Xu , Li Xiangheng , Lixiao Li , Jiaming Hou , Zhao Shijun , Xinglin Lyu , Kunli Zhang , Yuxiang Jia , Hongyin Zan

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have enabled in-context learning (ICL)-based methods that significantly outperform fine-tuning approaches for text-to-SQL tasks. However, their performance is still considerably lower than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Dongjun Lee , Choongwon Park , Jaehyuk Kim , Heesoo Park

Text-to-SQL is a critical task in natural language processing that aims to transform natural language questions into accurate and executable SQL queries. In real-world scenarios, these reasoning tasks are often accompanied by complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Tao Liu , Xutao Mao , Hongying Zan , Dixuan Zhang , Yifan Li , Haixin Liu , Lulu Kong , Jiaming Hou , Rui Li , YunLong Li , aoze zheng , Zhiqiang Zhang , Luo Zhewei , Kunli Zhang , Min Peng

NoSQL databases have become increasingly popular due to their outstanding performance in handling large-scale, unstructured, and semi-structured data, highlighting the need for user-friendly interfaces to bridge the gap between…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Jinwei Lu , Yuanfeng Song , Zhiqian Qin , Haodi Zhang , Chen Zhang , Raymond Chi-Wing Wong

Despite the remarkable performance of large language models (LLMs) in text-to-SQL (SQL generation), correctly producing SQL queries remains challenging during initial generation. The SQL refinement task is subsequently introduced to correct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Zijin Hong , Hao Chen , Zheng Yuan , Qinggang Zhang , Luyao Zhuang , Qing Liao , Feiran Huang , Yangqiu Song , Xiao Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with complex reasoning due to limited diversity and inefficient search. We propose Soft Reasoning, an embedding-based search framework that optimises the embedding of the first token to guide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Qinglin Zhu , Runcong Zhao , Hanqi Yan , Yulan He , Yudong Chen , Lin Gui