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Traditional Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) approaches generally assume that retrieval and generation occur on powerful servers removed from the end user. While this reduces local hardware constraints, it introduces significant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Julian Killingback , Ofer Meshi , Henry Li , Hamed Zamani , Maryam Karimzadehgan

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a new paradigm for enhancing Large Language Model reliability through integration with external knowledge sources. However, efficient deployment of these systems presents significant…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Bodun Hu , Luis Pabon , Saurabh Agarwal , Aditya Akella

Current Retrieval-Augmented Generation systems use uniform processing, causing inefficiency as simple queries consume resources similar to complex multi-hop tasks. We present SymRAG, a framework that introduces adaptive query routing via…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Safayat Bin Hakim , Muhammad Adil , Alvaro Velasquez , Houbing Herbert Song

Multi-hop retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a promising strategy for complex reasoning, yet existing iterative prompting approaches remain inefficient. They often regenerate predictable token sequences at every step and rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Jihwan Bang , Juntae Lee , Seunghan Yang , Sungha Choi

We propose a scalable and cost-efficient framework for deploying Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (GraphRAG) in enterprise environments. While GraphRAG has shown promise for multi- hop reasoning and structured retrieval, its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Congmin Min , Sahil Bansal , Joyce Pan , Abbas Keshavarzi , Rhea Mathew , Amar Viswanathan Kannan

Building upon the standard graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), the introduction of heterogeneous graphs and hypergraphs aims to enrich retrieval and generation by leveraging the relationships between multiple entities through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Xuecheng Zou , Ke Liu , Bingbing Wang , Huafei Deng , Li Zhang , Yu Tang

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) based on the Transformer architecture have recently emerged as a dominant foundation model for a wide range of Natural Language Processing tasks. Nevertheless, their application in real-time scenarios…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Coleman Hooper , Sehoon Kim , Hiva Mohammadzadeh , Hasan Genc , Kurt Keutzer , Amir Gholami , Sophia Shao

Generative recommendation (GR) has emerged as a promising paradigm that replaces fragmented, scenario-specific architectures with unified Transformer-based models, exhibiting scaling-law behavior where recommendation quality improves…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Huichao Chai , Zhixin Wu , Xuemiao Li , Shiqing Fan , Hengfeng Wang , Maojun Peng , Lu Xu , Yaoyuan Wang , Yibo Jin , Wei Guo , Yongxiang Feng

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have gained significant interest for applications such as citation network analysis and drug discovery due to their ability to apply machine learning techniques on graph-structured data. GNNs typically employ a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Siddhartha Raman Sundara Raman , Lizy John , Jaydeep P. Kulkarni

Large Language Models (LLMs) deployed on edge devices learn through fine-tuning and updating a certain portion of their parameters. Although such learning methods can be optimized to reduce resource utilization, the overall required…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Ruiyang Qin , Zheyu Yan , Dewen Zeng , Zhenge Jia , Dancheng Liu , Jianbo Liu , Zhi Zheng , Ningyuan Cao , Kai Ni , Jinjun Xiong , Yiyu Shi

Modern web applications--from real-time content recommendation and dynamic pricing to CDN optimization--increasingly rely on time-series forecasting to deliver personalized experiences to billions of users. Large-scale Transformer-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Pranav Subbaraman , Fang Sun , Yue Yao , Huacong Tang , Xiao Luo , Yizhou Sun

End-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems based on transformer architectures, such as Whisper, offer high transcription accuracy and robustness. However, their autoregressive decoding is computationally expensive, hence limiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Tuan Vu Ho , Hiroaki Kokubo , Masaaki Yamamoto , Yohei Kawaguchi

Large language models (LLMs) augmented with retrieval exhibit robust performance and extensive versatility by incorporating external contexts. However, the input length grows linearly in the number of retrieved documents, causing a dramatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yun Zhu , Jia-Chen Gu , Caitlin Sikora , Ho Ko , Yinxiao Liu , Chu-Cheng Lin , Lei Shu , Liangchen Luo , Lei Meng , Bang Liu , Jindong Chen

We introduce Reward-Guided Speculative Decoding (RSD), a novel framework aimed at improving the efficiency of inference in large language models (LLMs). RSD synergistically combines a lightweight draft model with a more powerful target…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Baohao Liao , Yuhui Xu , Hanze Dong , Junnan Li , Christof Monz , Silvio Savarese , Doyen Sahoo , Caiming Xiong

Speculative decoding and quantization effectively accelerate memory-bound inference of large language models. Speculative decoding mitigates the memory bandwidth bottleneck by verifying multiple tokens within a single forward pass, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yudi Zhang , Weilin Zhao , Xu Han , Tiejun Zhao , Wang Xu , Hailong Cao , Conghui Zhu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to access external knowledge sources, but the effectiveness of RAG relies on the coordination between the retriever and the generator. Since these components are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Junlin Wang , Zehao Wu , Shaowei Lu , Yanlan Li , Xinghao Huang

The immense model sizes of large language models (LLMs) challenge deployment on memory-limited consumer GPUs. Although model compression and parameter offloading are common strategies to address memory limitations, compression can degrade…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Pei-Shuo Wang , Jian-Jia Chen , Chun-Che Yang , Chi-Chih Chang , Ning-Chi Huang , Mohamed S. Abdelfattah , Kai-Chiang Wu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) prevails in Large Language Models. It mainly consists of retrieval and generation. The retrieval modules (a.k.a. retrievers) aim to find useful information used to facilitate the generation modules…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xinping Zhao , Yan Zhong , Zetian Sun , Xinshuo Hu , Zhenyu Liu , Dongfang Li , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

This paper presents TAG, an automatic system to derive optimized DNN training graph and its deployment onto any device topology, for expedited training in device- and topology- heterogeneous ML clusters. We novelly combine both the DNN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Shiwei Zhang , Xiaodong Yi , Lansong Diao , Chuan Wu , Siyu Wang , Wei Lin

Speculative decoding has emerged as a powerful method to improve latency and throughput in hosting large language models. However, most existing implementations focus on generating a single sequence. Real-world generative AI applications…