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Embedding learning for categorical features is crucial for the deep learning-based recommendation models (DLRMs). Each feature value is mapped to an embedding vector via an embedding learning process. Conventional methods configure a fixed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Bencheng Yan , Pengjie Wang , Kai Zhang , Wei Lin , Kuang-Chih Lee , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng

Embedding representations power machine intelligence in many applications, including recommendation systems, but they are space intensive -- potentially occupying hundreds of gigabytes in large-scale settings. To help manage this outsized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Antonio Ginart , Maxim Naumov , Dheevatsa Mudigere , Jiyan Yang , James Zou

Feature embeddings are one of the most essential steps when training deep learning based Click-Through Rate prediction models, which map high-dimensional sparse features to dense embedding vectors. Classic human-crafted embedding size…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Tesi Xiao , Xia Xiao , Ming Chen , Youlong Chen

As a crucial component of most modern deep recommender systems, feature embedding maps high-dimensional sparse user/item features into low-dimensional dense embeddings. However, these embeddings are usually assigned a unified dimension,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-18 Liang Qu , Yonghong Ye , Ningzhi Tang , Lixin Zhang , Yuhui Shi , Hongzhi Yin

Modern recommendation systems rely on real-valued embeddings of categorical features. Increasing the dimension of embedding vectors improves model accuracy but comes at a high cost to model size. We introduce a multi-layer embedding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Benjamin Ghaemmaghami , Zihao Deng , Benjamin Cho , Leo Orshansky , Ashish Kumar Singh , Mattan Erez , Michael Orshansky

Using embeddings as representations of products is quite commonplace in recommender systems, either by extracting the semantic embeddings of text descriptions, user sessions, collaborative relationships, or product images. In this paper, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-08-29 Diogo Goncalves , Liweu Liu , Ana Magalhães

A key characteristic of deep recommendation models is the immense memory requirements of their embedding tables. These embedding tables can often reach hundreds of gigabytes which increases hardware requirements and training cost. A common…

Learning high-quality feature embeddings efficiently and effectively is critical for the performance of web-scale machine learning systems. A typical model ingests hundreds of features with vocabularies on the order of millions to billions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Benjamin Coleman , Wang-Cheng Kang , Matthew Fahrbach , Ruoxi Wang , Lichan Hong , Ed H. Chi , Derek Zhiyuan Cheng

The embedding-based representation learning is commonly used in deep learning recommendation models to map the raw sparse features to dense vectors. The traditional embedding manner that assigns a uniform size to all features has two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Siyi Liu , Chen Gao , Yihong Chen , Depeng Jin , Yong Li

Huge embedding tables in modern deep learning recommender models (DLRM) require prohibitively large memory during training and inference. This paper proposes FIITED, a system to automatically reduce the memory footprint via FIne-grained…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Qinyi Luo , Penghan Wang , Wei Zhang , Fan Lai , Jiachen Mao , Xiaohan Wei , Jun Song , Wei-Yu Tsai , Shuai Yang , Yuxi Hu , Xuehai Qian

Recommendation problems with large numbers of discrete items, such as products, webpages, or videos, are ubiquitous in the technology industry. Deep neural networks are being increasingly used for these recommendation problems. These models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Manas R. Joglekar , Cong Li , Jay K. Adams , Pranav Khaitan , Quoc V. Le

With the continuous increase of users and items, conventional recommender systems trained on static datasets can hardly adapt to changing environments. The high-throughput data requires the model to be updated in a timely manner for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Bowei He , Xu He , Renrui Zhang , Yingxue Zhang , Ruiming Tang , Chen Ma

Nowadays, deep learning models are widely adopted in web-scale applications such as recommender systems, and online advertising. In these applications, embedding learning of categorical features is crucial to the success of deep learning…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Bencheng Yan , Pengjie Wang , Jinquan Liu , Wei Lin , Kuang-Chih Lee , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng

Real world re-identfication (ReID) algorithms aim to map new observations of an object to previously recorded instances. These systems are often constrained by quantity and size of the stored embeddings. To combat this scaling problem, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Luke McDermott

In deep learning, embeddings are widely used to represent categorical entities such as words, apps, and movies. An embedding layer maps each entity to a unique vector, causing the layer's memory requirement to be proportional to the number…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Niketan Pansare , Jay Katukuri , Aditya Arora , Frank Cipollone , Riyaaz Shaik , Noyan Tokgozoglu , Chandru Venkataraman

Modern deep learning-based recommendation systems exploit hundreds to thousands of different categorical features, each with millions of different categories ranging from clicks to posts. To respect the natural diversity within the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Hao-Jun Michael Shi , Dheevatsa Mudigere , Maxim Naumov , Jiyan Yang

Machine learning tasks over image databases often generate masks that annotate image content (e.g., saliency maps, segmentation maps, depth maps) and enable a variety of applications (e.g., determine if a model is learning spurious…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Dong He , Jieyu Zhang , Maureen Daum , Alexander Ratner , Magdalena Balazinska

Recommendation models are very large, requiring terabytes (TB) of memory during training. In pursuit of better quality, the model size and complexity grow over time, which requires additional training data to avoid overfitting. This model…

With the explosive growth of Internet data, users are facing the problem of information overload, which makes it a challenge to efficiently obtain the required resources. Recommendation systems have emerged in this context. By filtering…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Wenyi Liu , Rui Wang , Yuanshuai Luo , Jianjun Wei , Zihao Zhao , Junming Huang

Learning embedding table plays a fundamental role in Click-through rate(CTR) prediction from the view of the model performance and memory usage. The embedding table is a two-dimensional tensor, with its axes indicating the number of feature…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Fuyuan Lyu , Xing Tang , Hong Zhu , Huifeng Guo , Yingxue Zhang , Ruiming Tang , Xue Liu
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