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In the weakly supervised learning paradigm, labeling functions automatically assign heuristic, often noisy, labels to data samples. In this work, we provide a method for learning from weak labels by separating two types of complementary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Andreas Stephan , Vasiliki Kougia , Benjamin Roth

In this paper, we propose the MIML (Multi-Instance Multi-Label learning) framework where an example is described by multiple instances and associated with multiple class labels. Compared to traditional learning frameworks, the MIML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-10-28 Zhi-Hua Zhou , Min-Ling Zhang , Sheng-Jun Huang , Yu-Feng Li

Partial-label learning (PLL) is an important branch of weakly supervised learning where the single ground truth resides in a set of candidate labels, while the research rarely considers the label imbalance. A recent study for imbalanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Mingyu Xu , Zheng Lian

Classification and identification of the materials lying over or beneath the Earth's surface have long been a fundamental but challenging research topic in geoscience and remote sensing (RS) and have garnered a growing concern owing to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Danfeng Hong , Lianru Gao , Naoto Yokoya , Jing Yao , Jocelyn Chanussot , Qian Du , Bing Zhang

Effective suppression of surface-related multiples is essential to prevent imaging artifacts and erroneous structural interpretations. While conventional approaches rely on accurate priors or subsurface model knowledge, and supervised…

Geophysics · Physics 2026-05-01 Huan Song , Shijun Cheng , Huanhuan Tang , Wei Ouyang , Weijian Mao

Semantic segmentation in hyperbolic space enables compact modeling of hierarchical structure while providing inherent uncertainty quantification. Prior approaches predominantly rely on the Poincar\'e ball model, which suffers from numerical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zahid Hasan , Masud Ahmed , Nirmalya Roy

Protein-ligand binding prediction is central to virtual screening and affinity ranking, two fundamental tasks in drug discovery. While recent retrieval-based methods embed ligands and protein pockets into Euclidean space for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jianhui Wang , Wenyu Zhu , Bowen Gao , Xin Hong , Ya-Qin Zhang , Wei-Ying Ma , Yanyan Lan

Neural networks have recently been proposed for multi-label classification because they are able to capture and model label dependencies in the output layer. In this work, we investigate limitations of BP-MLL, a neural network (NN)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Jinseok Nam , Jungi Kim , Eneldo Loza Mencía , Iryna Gurevych , Johannes Fürnkranz

Predicting all applicable labels for a given image is known as multi-label classification. Compared to the standard multi-class case (where each image has only one label), it is considerably more challenging to annotate training data for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Elijah Cole , Oisin Mac Aodha , Titouan Lorieul , Pietro Perona , Dan Morris , Nebojsa Jojic

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has demonstrated its effectiveness in learning representations through comparison methods that align with human intuition. However, mainstream SSL methods heavily rely on high body datasets with single label,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Jiale Chen

In supervised machine learning, models are typically trained using data with hard labels, i.e., definite assignments of class membership. This traditional approach, however, does not take the inherent uncertainty in these labels into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Sjoerd de Vries , Dirk Thierens

The partial label challenge in Multi-Label Class-Incremental Learning (MLCIL) arises when only the new classes are labeled during training, while past and future labels remain unavailable. This issue leads to a proliferation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Kaile Du , Yifan Zhou , Fan Lyu , Yuyang Li , Chen Lu , Guangcan Liu

Hyperbolic embeddings have demonstrated their effectiveness in capturing measures of uncertainty and hierarchical relationships across various deep-learning tasks, including image segmentation and active learning. However, their application…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Paolo Mandica , Luca Franco , Konstantinos Kallidromitis , Suzanne Petryk , Fabio Galasso

Malignant brain tumors have become an aggressive and dangerous disease that leads to death worldwide.Multi-modal MRI data is crucial for accurate brain tumor segmentation, but missing modalities common in clinical practice can severely…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-11 Guoyan Liang , Qin Zhou , Jingyuan Chen , Bingcang Huang , Kai Chen , Lin Gu , Zhe Wang , Sai Wu , Chang Yao

Hierarchical multi-label text classification (HMTC) aims at utilizing a label hierarchy in multi-label classification. Recent approaches to HMTC deal with the problem of imposing an over-constrained premise on the output space by using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Simon Yu , Jie He , Víctor Gutiérrez-Basulto , Jeff Z. Pan

This study introduces an innovative approach to analyzing unlabeled data in high-energy physics (HEP) through the application of self-supervised learning (SSL). Faced with the increasing computational cost of producing high-quality labeled…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2024-08-20 Zihan Zhao , Farouk Mokhtar , Raghav Kansal , Haoyang Li , Javier Duarte

We motivate weakly supervised learning as an effective learning paradigm for problems where curating perfectly annotated datasets is expensive and may require domain expertise such as fine-grained classification. We focus on Partial Label…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Darshana Saravanan , Naresh Manwani , Vineet Gandhi

Foundation models pre-trained on massive datasets, including large language models (LLMs), vision-language models (VLMs), and large multimodal models, have demonstrated remarkable success in diverse downstream tasks. However, recent studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Neil He , Hiren Madhu , Ngoc Bui , Menglin Yang , Rex Ying

This work proposes a new image analysis tool called Label Consistent Transform Learning (LCTL). Transform learning is a recent unsupervised representation learning approach; we add supervision by incorporating a label consistency…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-25 Jyoti Maggu , Hemant K. Aggarwal , Angshul Majumdar

In recent years, multi-view multi-label learning (MVML) has attracted extensive attention due to its close alignment to real-world scenarios. Information-theoretic methods have gained prominence for learning nonlinear correlations. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Cheng Peng , Yonghao Li , Wanfu Gao , Jie Wen , Weiping Ding