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In this paper, we study the episodic reinforcement learning (RL) problem modeled by finite-horizon Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) with constraint on the number of batches. The multi-batch reinforcement learning framework, where the agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Zihan Zhang , Yuhang Jiang , Yuan Zhou , Xiangyang Ji

Traditional machine learning assumes a stationary data distribution, yet many real-world applications operate on nonstationary streams in which the underlying concept evolves over time. This problem can also be viewed as task-free continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Michal Wozniak , Marek Klonowski , Maciej Maczynski , Bartosz Krawczyk

Machine learning classifiers in dynamic environments face concept drift -- changes in the data-generating process that degrade performance. Conventional evaluation via static test sets or noise perturbations fails to preserve causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Julien Lafrance , Richard Khoury , Véronique Tremblay

Many machine learning tasks admit multiple models that perform almost equally well, a phenomenon known as predictive multiplicity. A fundamental source of this multiplicity is observational multiplicity, which arises from the stochastic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-13 Mustafa Cavus

Online Continual Learning (OCL) empowers machine learning models to acquire new knowledge online across a sequence of tasks. However, OCL faces a significant challenge: catastrophic forgetting, wherein the model learned in previous tasks is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Fan Lyu , Daofeng Liu , Linglan Zhao , Zhang Zhang , Fanhua Shang , Fuyuan Hu , Wei Feng , Liang Wang

In the problem of online learning for changing environments, data are sequentially received one after another over time, and their distribution assumptions may vary frequently. Although existing methods demonstrate the effectiveness of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Chen Zhao , Feng Mi , Xintao Wu , Kai Jiang , Latifur Khan , Christan Grant , Feng Chen

Decision paralysis, i.e. hesitation, freezing, or failure to act despite full knowledge and motivation, poses a challenge for choice models that assume options are already specified and readily comparable. Drawing on qualitative reports in…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-30 Wendyam Eric Lionel Ilboudo , Saori C Tanaka

This paper investigates the problem of regret minimization in linear time-varying (LTV) dynamical systems. Due to the simultaneous presence of uncertainty and non-stationarity, designing online control algorithms for unknown LTV systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Yuzhen Han , Ruben Solozabal , Jing Dong , Xingyu Zhou , Martin Takac , Bin Gu

Online mirror descent (OMD) and dual averaging (DA) -- two fundamental algorithms for online convex optimization -- are known to have very similar (and sometimes identical) performance guarantees when used with a fixed learning rate. Under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Huang Fang , Nicholas J. A. Harvey , Victor S. Portella , Michael P. Friedlander

The behavior of no-regret learning algorithms is well understood in two-player min-max (i.e, zero-sum) games. In this paper, we investigate the behavior of no-regret learning in min-max games with dependent strategy sets, where the strategy…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Denizalp Goktas , Jiayi Zhao , Amy Greenwald

Reinforcement learning for large language models faces a fundamental trade-off between sample efficiency and asymptotic performance: strictly on-policy methods discard trajectories after a single update, while off-policy reuse introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Changyu Chen , Xiting Wang , Rui Yan

In decision-dependent games, multiple players optimize their decisions under a data distribution that shifts with their joint actions, creating complex dynamics in applications like market pricing. A practical consequence of these dynamics…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Guangzheng Zhong , Yang Liu , Jiming Liu

This paper addresses the challenge of integrating sequentially arriving data within the quantile regression framework, where the number of features is allowed to grow with the number of observations, the horizon is unknown, and memory is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Yinan Shen , Dong Xia , Wen-Xin Zhou

In response to the trade-off between control performance and computational burden hindering the deployment of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) in power inverters, this paper presents a novel model-free control framework leveraging policy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Yang Yang , Chenggang Cui , Xitong Niu , Jiaming Liu , Chuanlin Zhang

Concept drift in learning and classification occurs when the statistical properties of either the data features or target change over time; evidence of drift has appeared in search data, medical research, malware, web data, and video. Drift…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Abhijit Suprem

Training data attribution (TDA) should enable generative model interpretability and foster a variety of related downstream tasks. Nonetheless, current TDA approaches lack reliability and robustness, preventing their adoption in real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Joan Serrà , Dipam Goswami , Fabio Morreale , Wei-Hsiang Liao , Yuki Mitsufuji

Online federated learning (OFL) has emerged as a popular framework for decentralized decision-making over continuous data streams without compromising client privacy. However, the adversary model assumed in standard OFL typically precludes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Harekrushna Sahu , Pratik Jawanpuria , Pranay Sharma

Speculative decoding (SD) accelerates large language model (LLM) reasoning by using a small draft model to generate candidate tokens, which the target LLM either accepts directly or regenerates upon rejection. However, excessive alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Tiancheng Su , Meicong Zhang , Guoxiu He

In Continual Learning (CL) contexts, concept drift typically refers to the analysis of changes in data distribution. A drift in the input data can have negative consequences on a learning predictor and the system's stability. The majority…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Sebastian Basterrech

On-policy self-distillation trains a reasoning model on its own rollouts while a teacher, often the same model conditioned on privileged context, provides dense token-level supervision. Existing objectives typically weight the teacher's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Junlong Ke , Zichen Wen , Weijia Li , Conghui He , Linfeng Zhang