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Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) pose critical challenges to modern cybersecurity due to their multi-stage and stealthy nature. While provenance-based detection approaches show promise in capturing causal attack semantics, current threat…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Wenhao Yan , Ning An , Linxu Li , Bingsheng Bi , Bo Jiang , Zhigang Lu , Baoxu Liu , Junrong Liu , Cong Dong

Advanced cyber threats (e.g., Fileless Malware and Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)) have driven the adoption of provenance-based security solutions. These solutions employ Machine Learning (ML) models for behavioral modeling and critical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Kunal Mukherjee , Joshua Wiedemeier , Tianhao Wang , Muhyun Kim , Feng Chen , Murat Kantarcioglu , Kangkook Jee

Advanced persistent threat (APT) attacks remain difficult to detect due to their stealth, adaptability, and use of legitimate system components. Provenance-based intrusion detection systems (PIDS) offer a promising defense by capturing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Robin Buchta , Carsten Kleiner , Felix Heine , Gabi Dreo Rodosek

Over the last years, threat intelligence sharing has steadily grown, leading cybersecurity professionals to access increasingly larger amounts of heterogeneous data. Among those, cyber attacks' Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (TTPs) have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Valentine Legoy , Marco Caselli , Christin Seifert , Andreas Peter

Past Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attacks on Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT), such as the 2016 Ukrainian power grid attack and the 2017 Saudi petrochemical plant attack, have shown the disruptive effects of APT campaigns while new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Ayush Kumar , Vrizlynn L. L. Thing

We present ProvG-Searcher, a novel approach for detecting known APT behaviors within system security logs. Our approach leverages provenance graphs, a comprehensive graph representation of event logs, to capture and depict data provenance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Enes Altinisik , Fatih Deniz , Husrev Taha Sencar

As cyber threats grow increasingly sophisticated, reinforcement learning (RL) is emerging as a promising technique to create intelligent and adaptive cyber defense systems. However, most existing autonomous defensive agents have overlooked…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Ilya Orson Sandoval , Isaac Symes Thompson , Vasilios Mavroudis , Chris Hicks

Cyber-physical-social systems (CPSSs) have emerged in many applications over recent decades, requiring increased attention to security concerns. The rise of sophisticated threats like Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) makes ensuring…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Saba Fathi Rabooki , Bowen Li , Falih Gozi Febrinanto , Ciyuan Peng , Elham Naghizade , Fengling Han , Feng Xia

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are increasingly integrated into LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)-based perception systems for autonomous vehicles (AVs), requiring robust performance under adversarial conditions. We aim to address the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Minkyoung Cho , Yulong Cao , Zixiang Zhou , Z. Morley Mao

When a network is attacked, cyber defenders need to precisely identify which systems (i.e., computers or devices) were compromised and what damage may have been inflicted. This process is sometimes referred to as cyber triage and is an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Eric Ficke , Raymond M. Bateman , Shouhuai Xu

The scarcity of data and the high complexity of Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) attacks have created challenges in comprehending their behavior and hindered the exploration of effective detection techniques. To create an effective APT…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Almuthanna Alageel , Sergio Maffeis , Imperial College London

High-level natural language knowledge in CTI reports, such as the ATT&CK framework, is beneficial to counter APT attacks. However, how to automatically apply the high-level knowledge in CTI reports in realistic attack detection systems,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Yuhan Meng , Shaofei Li , Jiaping Gui , Peng Jiang , Ding Li

Organizations are increasingly targeted by Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs), which involve complex, multi-stage tactics and diverse techniques. Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) sources, such as incident reports and security blogs, provide…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Sofia Della Penna , Roberto Natella , Vittorio Orbinato , Lorenzo Parracino , Luciano Pianese

Cyber attacks are often identified using system and network logs. There have been significant prior works that utilize provenance graphs and ML techniques to detect attacks, specifically advanced persistent threats, which are very difficult…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Sihat Afnan , Mushtari Sadia , Shahrear Iqbal , Anindya Iqbal

Despite its technological benefits, Internet of Things (IoT) has cyber weaknesses due to the vulnerabilities in the wireless medium. Machine learning (ML)-based methods are widely used against cyber threats in IoT networks with promising…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Zhiyan Chen , Jinxin Liu , Yu Shen , Murat Simsek , Burak Kantarci , Hussein T. Mouftah , Petar Djukic

Attack paths are the potential chain of malicious activities an attacker performs to compromise network assets and acquire privileges through exploiting network vulnerabilities. Attack path analysis helps organizations to identify…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Houssem Jmal , Firas Ben Hmida , Nardine Basta , Muhammad Ikram , Mohamed Ali Kaafar , Andy Walker

In Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attacks, achieving stealthy persistence within target systems is often crucial for an attacker's success. This persistence allows adversaries to maintain prolonged access, often evading detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Qi Liu , Muhammad Shoaib , Mati Ur Rehman , Kaibin Bao , Veit Hagenmeyer , Wajih Ul Hassan

To defend against Advanced Persistent Threats on the endpoint, threat hunting employs security knowledge such as cyber threat intelligence to continuously analyze system audit logs through retrospective scanning, querying, or pattern…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Mingjun Ma , Tiantian Zhu , Shuang Li , Tieming Chen , Mingqi Lv , Zhengqiu Weng , Guolang Chen

Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attacks are highly sophisticated and employ a multitude of advanced methods and techniques to target organizations and steal sensitive and confidential information. APT attacks consist of multiple stages and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Huynh Thai Thi , Ngo Duc Hoang Son , Phan The Duy , Nghi Hoang Khoa , Khoa Ngo-Khanh , Van-Hau Pham

The introduction of 5G and the Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture has enabled more flexible and intelligent network deployments. However, the increased complexity and openness of these architectures also introduce novel security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Thusitha Dayaratne , Ngoc Duy Pham , Viet Vo , Shangqi Lai , Sharif Abuadbba , Hajime Suzuki , Xingliang Yuan , Carsten Rudolph