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Flood insurance is an effective strategy for individuals to mitigate disaster-related losses. However, participation rates among at-risk populations in the United States remain strikingly low. This gap underscores the need to understand and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Ziheng Geng , Jiachen Liu , Ran Cao , Lu Cheng , Dan M. Frangopol , Minghui Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to domains that require reasoning about other agents' behavior, such as negotiation, policy design, and market simulation, yet existing research has mostly evaluated their adherence to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Enric Junque de Fortuny , Veronica Roberta Cappelli

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to simulate how specific users respond to a given context, enabling more user-centric applications that rely on user feedback. However, existing user simulators mostly imitate surface-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Shirley Wu , Evelyn Choi , Arpandeep Khatua , Zhanghan Wang , Joy He-Yueya , Tharindu Cyril Weerasooriya , Wei Wei , Diyi Yang , Jure Leskovec , James Zou

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs), has opened exciting possibilities for constructing computational simulations designed to replicate human behavior accurately. Current research suggests that LLM-based agents become increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Amir Taubenfeld , Yaniv Dover , Roi Reichart , Ariel Goldstein

Engineering problem solving is central to real-world decision-making, requiring mathematical formulations that not only represent complex problems but also produce feasible solutions under data and physical constraints. Unlike mathematical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Xiyuan Zhou , Ruixi Zou , Xinlei Wang , Yuheng Cheng , Yan Xu , Junhua Zhao , Jinjin Gu

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in healthcare, they often struggle with the complex, non-linear reasoning required for accurate clinical diagnosis. Existing methods typically rely on static, linear mappings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zhuohan Ge , Haoyang Li , Yubo Wang , Nicole Hu , Chen Jason Zhang , Qing Li

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to simulate human decision-making, but their intrinsic biases often diverge from real human behavior--limiting their ability to reflect population-level diversity. We address this challenge…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Ayato Kitadai , Yusuke Fukasawa , Nariaki Nishino

LLM agents can reason and use tools, but they often break down on long-horizon tasks due to unbounded context growth and accumulated errors. Common remedies such as context compression or retrieval-augmented prompting introduce trade-offs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Chenglin Yu , Yuchen Wang , Songmiao Wang , Hongxia Yang , Ming Li

Learning an agent model that behaves like humans-capable of jointly perceiving the environment, predicting the future, and taking actions from a first-person perspective-is a fundamental challenge in computer vision. Existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Lu Chen , Yizhou Wang , Shixiang Tang , Qianhong Ma , Tong He , Wanli Ouyang , Xiaowei Zhou , Hujun Bao , Sida Peng

Reasoning is a fundamental cognitive process underlying inference, problem-solving, and decision-making. While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning capabilities in closed-world settings, they struggle in open-ended and…

Human consciousness is still a concept hard to define with current scientific understanding. Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated significant advancements across various domains including translation and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Sang Hun Kim , Jongmin Lee , Dongkyu Park , So Young Lee , Yosep Chong

While LLM agents have demonstrated remarkable task-oriented abilities such as planning, reasoning, and action, few works have treated them as complete human personalities where emotional dimensions hold equal importance. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Weihan Peng , Chenxu Zhang , Qianao Wang , Yuling Shi , Heng Lian , Qihong Mao , Jiahao Pang , Chunliang Feng , Bowen Li , Xiaodong Gu

Large Language Models (LLMs) and multi-agent systems have shown impressive capabilities in natural language tasks but face challenges in clinical trial applications, primarily due to limited access to external knowledge. Recognizing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Ling Yue , Sixue Xing , Jintai Chen , Tianfan Fu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in understanding long-context inputs. However, benchmarks for evaluating the long-context reasoning abilities of LLMs fall behind the pace. Existing benchmarks often focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Zhan Ling , Kang Liu , Kai Yan , Yifan Yang , Weijian Lin , Ting-Han Fan , Lingfeng Shen , Zhengyin Du , Jiecao Chen

The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in interactive systems necessitates a deep alignment with the nuanced and dynamic preferences of individual users. Current alignment techniques predominantly address universal human values or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Xiaotian Zhang , Yuan Wang , Ruizhe Chen , Zeya Wang , Runchen Hou , Zuozhu Liu

In most current research, large language models (LLMs) are able to perform reasoning tasks by generating chains of thought through the guidance of specific prompts. However, there still exists a significant discrepancy between their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Yuanzhen Xie , Tao Xie , Mingxiong Lin , WenTao Wei , Chenglin Li , Beibei Kong , Lei Chen , Chengxiang Zhuo , Bo Hu , Zang Li

AI agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant advances, enabling them to assist humans in diverse complex tasks and leading to a revolution in human-AI coordination. LLM-powered agents typically require invoking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Jijia Liu , Chao Yu , Jiaxuan Gao , Yuqing Xie , Qingmin Liao , Yi Wu , Yu Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in the social sciences to simulate human behavior, based on the assumption that they can generate realistic, human-like text. Yet this assumption remains largely untested. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Nicolò Pagan , Petter Törnberg , Christopher A. Bail , Anikó Hannák , Christopher Barrie

Assessing how well a large language model (LLM) understands human, rather than merely text, remains an open challenge. To bridge the gap, we introduce Sentient Agent as a Judge (SAGE), an automated evaluation framework that measures an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Bang Zhang , Ruotian Ma , Qingxuan Jiang , Peisong Wang , Jiaqi Chen , Zheng Xie , Xingyu Chen , Yue Wang , Fanghua Ye , Jian Li , Yifan Yang , Zhaopeng Tu , Xiaolong Li

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has illuminated the potential for a general-purpose user simulator. However, existing benchmarks remain constrained to isolated scenarios, narrow action spaces, or synthetic data, failing to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jiawei Chen , Ruoxi Xu , Boxi Cao , Ruotong Pan , Yunfei Zhang , Yifei Hu , Yong Du , Tingting Gao , Yaojie Lu , Yingfei Sun , Xianpei Han , Le Sun , Xiangyu Wu , Hongyu Lin
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