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Computing stabilizing and optimal control actions for legged locomotion in real time is difficult due to the nonlinear, hybrid, and high dimensional nature of these robots. The hybrid nature of the system introduces a combination of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Zachary Olkin , Aaron D. Ames

Humanoid robots hold great potential for diverse interactions and daily service tasks within human-centered environments, necessitating controllers that seamlessly integrate precise locomotion with dexterous manipulation. However, most…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Xinru Cui , Linxi Feng , Yixuan Zhou , Haoqi Han , Zhe Liu , Hesheng Wang

Stabilizing unsecured payloads against the inherent oscillations of dynamic bipedal locomotion remains a critical engineering bottleneck for humanoids in unstructured environments. To solve this, we introduce ReST-RL, a hierarchical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Anlun Huang , Zhenyu Wu , Soofiyan Atar , Yuheng Zhi , Michael Yip

We present a unified gait-conditioned reinforcement learning framework that enables humanoid robots to perform standing, walking, running, and smooth transitions within a single recurrent policy. A compact reward routing mechanism…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Tianhu Peng , Lingfan Bao , Chengxu Zhou

Wheeled-legged robots hold promise for traversing complex terrains and offer superior mobility compared to legged robots. However, wheeled-legged robots must effectively balance both wheeled driving and legged control. Furthermore, due to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yuqi Li , Peng Zhai , Yueqi Zhang , Xiaoyi Wei , Quancheng Qian , Zhengxu He , Qianxiang Yu , Lihua Zhang

Humanoid robots are increasingly demanded to operate in interactive and human-surrounded environments while achieving sophisticated locomotion and manipulation tasks. To accomplish these tasks, roboticists unremittingly seek for advanced…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-11-28 Ye Zhao

Loco-Manipulation for humanoid robots aims to enable robots to integrate mobility with upper-body tracking capabilities. Most existing approaches adopt hierarchical architectures that decompose control into isolated upper-body…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Wandong Sun , Luying Feng , Baoshi Cao , Yang Liu , Yaochu Jin , Zongwu Xie

For full-size humanoid robots, even with recent advances in reinforcement learning-based control, achieving reliable locomotion on complex terrains, such as long staircases, remains challenging. In such settings, limited perception,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Haolin Song , Hongbo Zhu , Tao Yu , Yan Liu , Mingqi Yuan , Wengang Zhou , Hua Chen , Houqiang Li

Humanoid robots are engineered to navigate terrains akin to those encountered by humans, which necessitates human-like locomotion and perceptual abilities. Currently, the most reliable controllers for humanoid motion rely exclusively on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Wandong Sun , Baoshi Cao , Long Chen , Yongbo Su , Yang Liu , Zongwu Xie , Hong Liu

The prevailing paradigm of perceptive humanoid locomotion relies heavily on active depth sensors. However, this depth-centric approach fundamentally discards the rich semantic and dense appearance cues of the visual world, severing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yufei Liu , Xieyuanli Chen , Hainan Pan , Chenghao Shi , Yanjie Chen , Kaihong Huang , Zhiwen Zeng , Huimin Lu

Robust humanoid stair climbing remains challenging due to geometric discontinuities, sensitivity to step height variations, and perception uncertainty in real-world environments. Existing learning-based locomotion policies often rely on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jianguo Zhang , Wentai Xu , Shusheng Ye , Yuxiang He , Weimin Qi , Qinbo Sun , Ning Ding , Liguang Zhou

Reinforcement learning has produced remarkable advances in humanoid locomotion, yet a fundamental dilemma persists for real-world deployment: policies must choose between the robustness of reactive proprioceptive control or the proactivity…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yidan Lu , Rurui Yang , Qiran Kou , Mengting Chen , Tao Fan , Peter Cui , Yinzhao Dong , Peng Lu

Humans possess delicate dynamic balance mechanisms that enable them to maintain stability across diverse terrains and under extreme conditions. However, despite significant advances recently, existing locomotion algorithms for humanoid…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Weiji Xie , Chenjia Bai , Jiyuan Shi , Junkai Yang , Yunfei Ge , Weinan Zhang , Xuelong Li

Agile locomotion in complex 3D environments requires robust spatial awareness to safely avoid diverse obstacles such as aerial clutter, uneven terrain, and dynamic agents. Depth-based perception approaches often struggle with sensor noise,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Zifan Wang , Teli Ma , Yufei Jia , Xun Yang , Jiaming Zhou , Wenlong Ouyang , Qiang Zhang , Junwei Liang

This paper addresses the challenge of terrain-adaptive dynamic locomotion in humanoid robots, a problem traditionally tackled by optimization-based methods or reinforcement learning (RL). Optimization-based methods, such as model-predictive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Shangqun Yu , Nisal Perera , Daniel Marew , Donghyun Kim

Legged locomotion is a complex control problem that requires both accuracy and robustness to cope with real-world challenges. Legged systems have traditionally been controlled using trajectory optimization with inverse dynamics. Such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Fabian Jenelten , Junzhe He , Farbod Farshidian , Marco Hutter

Human-humanoid collaboration shows significant promise for applications in healthcare, domestic assistance, and manufacturing. While compliant robot-human collaboration has been extensively developed for robotic arms, enabling compliant…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Yushi Du , Yixuan Li , Baoxiong Jia , Yutang Lin , Pei Zhou , Wei Liang , Yanchao Yang , Siyuan Huang

Humanoid robots have demonstrated impressive motor skills in a wide range of tasks, yet whole-body control for humanlike long-time, dynamic fighting remains particularly challenging due to the stringent requirements on agility and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yucheng Xin , Jiacheng Bao , Yubo Dong , Xueqian Wang , Bin Zhao , Xuelong Li , Junbo Tan , Dong Wang

Perceptive locomotion for legged robots requires anticipating and adapting to complex, dynamic environments. Model Predictive Control (MPC) serves as a strong baseline, providing interpretable motion planning with constraint enforcement,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Aditya Shirwatkar , Satyam Gupta , Shishir Kolathaya

Deep Reinforcement Learning techniques are achieving state-of-the-art results in robust legged locomotion. While there exists a wide variety of legged platforms such as quadruped, humanoids, and hexapods, the field is still missing a single…

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