English
Related papers

Related papers: SimKO: Simple Pass@K Policy Optimization

200 papers

Recent advances of reasoning models, exemplified by OpenAI's o1 and DeepSeek's R1, highlight the significant potential of Reinforcement Learning (RL) to enhance the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However,…

Reasoning large language models (LLMs) excel in complex tasks, which has drawn significant attention to reinforcement learning (RL) for LLMs. However, existing approaches allocate an equal number of rollouts to all questions during the RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Mengqi Liao , Xiangyu Xi , Ruinian Chen , Jia Leng , Yangen Hu , Ke Zeng , Shuai Liu , Huaiyu Wan

On-policy reinforcement learning methods like GRPO suffer from mode collapse: they exhibit reduced solution diversity, concentrating probability mass on a single solution once discovered and ceasing exploration of alternative strategies. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Xiaozhe Li , Yang Li , Xinyu Fang , Shengyuan Ding , Peiji Li , Yongkang Chen , Yichuan Ma , Tianyi Lyu , Linyang Li , Dahua Lin , Qipeng Guo , Qingwen Liu , Kai Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) can acquire extensive world knowledge through pre-training on large corpora. However, due to exposure to low-quality data, LLMs may exhibit harmful behavior without aligning with human values. The dominant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Tianhao Wu , Banghua Zhu , Ruoyu Zhang , Zhaojin Wen , Kannan Ramchandran , Jiantao Jiao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have gained significant traction for their ability to process diverse input data types and generate coherent, contextually relevant outputs across various applications. While supervised fine-tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Zhiyuan Liu , Yuting Zhang , Feng Liu , Changwang Zhang , Ying Sun , Jun Wang

Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) using numerical rewards have significantly enhanced the complex reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, we identify three fundamental limitations of purely numerical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Xiaoying Zhang , Yipeng Zhang , Hao Sun , Kaituo Feng , Chaochao Lu , Chao Yang , Helen Meng

Recent AI advancements, such as OpenAI's new models, are transforming LLMs into LRMs (Large Reasoning Models) that perform reasoning during inference, taking extra time and compute for higher-quality outputs. We aim to uncover the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Guanghao Ye , Khiem Duc Pham , Xinzhi Zhang , Sivakanth Gopi , Baolin Peng , Beibin Li , Janardhan Kulkarni , Huseyin A. Inan

Text summarization is a crucial task that requires the simultaneous optimization of multiple objectives, including consistency, coherence, relevance, and fluency, which presents considerable challenges. Although large language models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Junjie Song , Yiwen Liu , Dapeng Li , Yin Sun , Shukun Fu , Siqi Chen , Yuji Cao

We present Future-KL Influenced Policy Optimization (FIPO), a reinforcement learning algorithm designed to overcome reasoning bottlenecks in large language models. While GRPO style training scales effectively, it typically relies on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Chiyu Ma , Shuo Yang , Kexin Huang , Jinda Lu , Haoming Meng , Shangshang Wang , Bolin Ding , Soroush Vosoughi , Guoyin Wang , Jingren Zhou

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has demonstrated great promise in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preference. Depending on the availability of preference data, both online and offline RLHF are active areas…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Shicong Cen , Jincheng Mei , Katayoon Goshvadi , Hanjun Dai , Tong Yang , Sherry Yang , Dale Schuurmans , Yuejie Chi , Bo Dai

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), due to the deterministic verification, becomes a dominant paradigm for enhancing the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs). The community witnesses the rapid change from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Mingwei Xu , Hao Fang

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has significantly improved reasoning in large language models (LLMs), yet the token-level mechanisms underlying these improvements remain unclear. We present a systematic empirical study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Haoming Meng , Kexin Huang , Shaohang Wei , Chiyu Ma , Shuo Yang , Xue Wang , Guoyin Wang , Bolin Ding , Jingren Zhou

In this work, we aim to incentivize the reasoning ability of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) via reinforcement learning (RL) and develop an effective approach that mitigates the sparse reward and advantage vanishing issues during…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Huanjin Yao , Qixiang Yin , Jingyi Zhang , Min Yang , Yibo Wang , Wenhao Wu , Fei Su , Li Shen , Minghui Qiu , Dacheng Tao , Jiaxing Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in knowledge acquisition, reasoning, and tool use, making them promising candidates for autonomous agent applications. However, training LLM agents for complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Hanjiang Hu , Changliu Liu , Na Li , Yebin Wang

Reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards has emerged as a powerful technique for enhancing the complex reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, these methods are fundamentally constrained by the ''learning cliff''…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xichen Zhang , Sitong Wu , Yinghao Zhu , Haoru Tan , Shaozuo Yu , Ziyi He , Jiaya Jia

The development of autonomous agents for complex, long-horizon tasks is a central goal in AI. However, dominant training paradigms face a critical limitation: reinforcement learning (RL) methods that optimize solely for final task success…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Zijing Zhang , Ziyang Chen , Mingxiao Li , Zhaopeng Tu , Xiaolong Li

Previous study suggest that powerful Large Language Models (LLMs) trained with Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) only refines reasoning path without improving the reasoning capacity in math tasks while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ran Li , Shimin Di , Yuchen Liu , Chen Jing , Yu Qiu , Lei Chen

Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) have improved the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs). However, the widely used Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) consistently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Chen Wang , Lai Wei , Yanzhi Zhang , Chenyang Shao , Zedong Dan , Weiran Huang , Ge Lan , Yue Wang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has advanced LLM reasoning, but remains constrained by inefficient exploration under limited rollout budgets, leading to low sampling success and unstable training in complex tasks. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yiju Guo , Tianyi Hu , Zexu Sun , Yankai Lin

The ongoing debate on whether reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) expands or shrinks the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) remains unresolved. Some studies contend that RLVR mainly improves sampling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Xinhao Yao , Lu Yu , Xiaolin Hu , Fengwei Teng , Qing Cui , Jun Zhou , Yong Liu
‹ Prev 1 8 9 10 Next ›