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The advancements in generative modeling, particularly the advent of diffusion models, have sparked a fundamental question: how can these models be effectively used for discriminative tasks? In this work, we find that generative models can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Mihir Prabhudesai , Tsung-Wei Ke , Alexander C. Li , Deepak Pathak , Katerina Fragkiadaki

Test-time adaptation (TTA) addresses the unforeseen distribution shifts occurring during test time. In TTA, performance, memory consumption, and time consumption are crucial considerations. A recent diffusion-based TTA approach for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Yeongtak Oh , Jonghyun Lee , Jooyoung Choi , Dahuin Jung , Uiwon Hwang , Sungroh Yoon

Test-time adaptation (TTA) is an effective approach to mitigate performance degradation of trained models when encountering input distribution shifts at test time. However, existing TTA methods often suffer significant performance drops…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Minguk Jang , Hye Won Chung

Test-time adaptation harnesses test inputs to improve the accuracy of a model trained on source data when tested on shifted target data. Existing methods update the source model by (re-)training on each target domain. While effective,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Jin Gao , Jialing Zhang , Xihui Liu , Trevor Darrell , Evan Shelhamer , Dequan Wang

Recently, diffusion-based test-time adaptations (TTA) have shown great advances, which leverage a diffusion model to map the images in the unknown test domain to the training domain. The unseen and diverse test domains make diffusion-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Kaiyu Song , Hanjiang Lai , Yan Pan , Kun Yue , Jian Yin

Deep neural networks often encounter significant performance drops while facing with domain shifts between training (source) and test (target) data. To address this issue, Test Time Adaptation (TTA) methods have been proposed to adapt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Siqi Luo , Yi Xin , Yuntao Du , Tao Tan , Guangtao Zhai , Xiaohong Liu

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to improve the performance of source-domain pre-trained models on previously unseen, shifted target domains. Traditional TTA methods primarily adapt model weights based on target data streams, making model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Jiayi Guo , Junhao Zhao , Chaoqun Du , Yulin Wang , Chunjiang Ge , Zanlin Ni , Shiji Song , Humphrey Shi , Gao Huang

Machine learning methods strive to acquire a robust model during the training process that can effectively generalize to test samples, even in the presence of distribution shifts. However, these methods often suffer from performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Jian Liang , Ran He , Tieniu Tan

Test-time adaptation (TTA) enhances the zero-shot robustness under distribution shifts by leveraging unlabeled test data during inference. Despite notable advances, several challenges still limit its broader applicability. First, most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Youjia Zhang , Youngeun Kim , Young-Geun Choi , Hongyeob Kim , Huiling Liu , Sungeun Hong

Test-time alignment (TTA) aims to adapt models to specific rewards during inference. However, existing methods tend to either under-optimise or over-optimise (reward hack) the target reward function. We propose Null-Text Test-Time Alignment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Taehoon Kim , Henry Gouk , Timothy Hospedales

Deep learning-based diagnostic systems have demonstrated potential in skin disease diagnosis. However, their performance can easily degrade on test domains due to distribution shifts caused by input-level corruptions, such as imaging…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-21 Ming Hu , Siyuan Yan , Peng Xia , Feilong Tang , Wenxue Li , Peibo Duan , Lin Zhang , Zongyuan Ge

Deep classifiers may encounter significant performance degradation when processing unseen testing data from varying centers, vendors, and protocols. Ensuring the robustness of deep models against these domain shifts is crucial for their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Yuhao Huang , Xin Yang , Xiaoqiong Huang , Xinrui Zhou , Haozhe Chi , Haoran Dou , Xindi Hu , Jian Wang , Xuedong Deng , Dong Ni

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) enables pre-trained models to adjust to distribution shift by learning from unlabeled test-time streams. However, existing methods typically treat these streams as independent samples, overlooking the supervisory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Young Kyung Kim , Oded Schlesinger , Qiangqiang Wu , J. Matías Di Martino , Guillermo Sapiro

Test-time adaptation (TTA) is a technique used to reduce distribution gaps between the training and testing sets by leveraging unlabeled test data during inference. In this work, we expand TTA to a more practical scenario, where the test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Chenyan Wu , Yimu Pan , Yandong Li , James Z. Wang

Diffusion models produce impressive results in modalities ranging from images and video to protein design and text. However, generating samples with user-specified properties remains a challenge. Recent research proposes fine-tuning models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Raghav Singhal , Zachary Horvitz , Ryan Teehan , Mengye Ren , Zhou Yu , Kathleen McKeown , Rajesh Ranganath

Test-time adaptation (TTA) of 3D point clouds is crucial for mitigating discrepancies between training and testing samples in real-world scenarios, particularly when handling corrupted point clouds. LiDAR data, for instance, can be affected…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Hamidreza Dastmalchi , Aijun An , Ali Cheraghian , Shafin Rahman , Sameera Ramasinghe

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to adapt a pretrained model to distribution shifts using only unlabeled test data. While promising, existing methods like Tent suffer from instability and can catastrophically forget the source knowledge,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Harshil Vejendla

Test-time adaptation (TTA) adapts the pre-trained models to test distributions during the inference phase exclusively employing unlabeled test data streams, which holds great value for the deployment of models in real-world applications.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Shuang Li , Longhui Yuan , Binhui Xie , Tao Yang

In this work, we propose a novel complementary learning approach to enhance test-time adaptation (TTA), which has been proven to exhibit good performance on testing data with distribution shifts such as corruptions. In test-time adaptation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Jiayi Han , Longbin Zeng , Liang Du , Weiyang Ding , Jianfeng Feng

Despite recent advancements in deep learning, deep neural networks continue to suffer from performance degradation when applied to new data that differs from training data. Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to address this challenge by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Sanghun Jung , Jungsoo Lee , Nanhee Kim , Amirreza Shaban , Byron Boots , Jaegul Choo
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