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Recently, token-based generation have demonstrated their effectiveness in image synthesis. As a representative example, non-autoregressive Transformers (NATs) can generate decent-quality images in a few steps. NATs perform generation in a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Zanlin Ni , Yulin Wang , Renping Zhou , Yizeng Han , Jiayi Guo , Zhiyuan Liu , Yuan Yao , Gao Huang

Recent image generative models typically capture the image distribution in a pre-constructed latent space, relying on a frozen image tokenizer. However, there exists a significant discrepancy between the reconstruction and generation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Kai Qiu , Xiang Li , Hao Chen , Jason Kuen , Xiaohao Xu , Jiuxiang Gu , Yinyi Luo , Bhiksha Raj , Zhe Lin , Marios Savvides

Spatial graphs provide a lightweight and elegant representation of curvilinear anatomical structures such as blood vessels, lung airways, and neuronal networks. Accurately modeling these graphs is crucial in clinical and (bio-)medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Chinmay Prabhakar , Bastian Wittmann , Tamaz Amiranashvili , Paul Büschl , Ezequiel de la Rosa , Julian McGinnis , Benedikt Wiestler , Bjoern Menze , Suprosanna Shit

Non-autoregressive generative transformers recently demonstrated impressive image generation performance, and orders of magnitude faster sampling than their autoregressive counterparts. However, optimal parallel sampling from the true joint…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-12 José Lezama , Huiwen Chang , Lu Jiang , Irfan Essa

A specific challenge with deep learning approaches for molecule generation is generating both syntactically valid and chemically plausible molecular string representations. To address this, we propose a novel generative latent-variable…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-22 Ulrich A. Mbou Sob , Qiulin Li , Miguel Arbesú , Oliver Bent , Andries P. Smit , Arnu Pretorius

In this paper, we introduce SemHiTok, a unified image Tokenizer via Semantic-Guided Hierarchical codebook that provides consistent discrete representations for multimodal understanding and generation. Recently, unified image tokenizers have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zisheng Chen , Chunwei Wang , Runhui Huang , Hongbin Xu , Xiuwei Chen , Jun Zhou , Jianhua Han , Hang Xu , Xiaodan Liang

In this work, we present a novel direction to build an image tokenizer directly on top of a frozen vision foundation model, which is a largely underexplored area. Specifically, we employ a frozen vision foundation model as the encoder of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Anlin Zheng , Xin Wen , Xuanyang Zhang , Chuofan Ma , Tiancai Wang , Gang Yu , Xiangyu Zhang , Xiaojuan Qi

In this work, we explore the largely unexplored direction of building a generalist image tokenizer directly on top of a frozen vision foundation model (VFM). To build this tokenizer, we utilize a frozen VFM as the encoder and introduce two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Anlin Zheng , Qi Han , Xin Wen , Chuofan Ma , Lanxi Gong , Gang Yu , Xiangyu Zhang , Xiaojuan Qi

Image tokenization has significantly advanced visual generation and multimodal modeling, particularly when paired with autoregressive models. However, current methods face challenges in balancing efficiency and fidelity: high-resolution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Qingsong Xie , Zhao Zhang , Zhe Huang , Yanhao Zhang , Haonan Lu , Zhenyu Yang

Image tokenization plays a critical role in reducing the computational demands of modeling high-resolution images, significantly improving the efficiency of image and multimodal understanding and generation. Recent advances in 1D latent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Ze Wang , Hao Chen , Benran Hu , Jiang Liu , Ximeng Sun , Jialian Wu , Yusheng Su , Xiaodong Yu , Emad Barsoum , Zicheng Liu

We introduce UniToken, an auto-regressive generation model that encodes visual inputs through a combination of discrete and continuous representations, enabling seamless integration of unified visual understanding and image generation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yang Jiao , Haibo Qiu , Zequn Jie , Shaoxiang Chen , Jingjing Chen , Lin Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

Token-based video representation has emerged as a promising approach for enabling large language models (LLMs) to interpret video content. However, existing token reduction techniques, such as pruning and merging, often disrupt essential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Haichao Zhang , Yun Fu

Text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models are effective at producing semantically aligned images, but their reliance on training data distributions limits their ability to synthesize truly novel, out-of-distribution concepts. Existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Fu Feng , Yucheng Xie , Xu Yang , Jing Wang , Xin Geng

Self-supervised Learning (SSL) including the mainstream contrastive learning has achieved great success in learning visual representations without data annotations. However, most methods mainly focus on the instance level information (\ie,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Mingkai Zheng , Shan You , Fei Wang , Chen Qian , Changshui Zhang , Xiaogang Wang , Chang Xu

Utilization of classification latent space information for downstream reconstruction and generation is an intriguing and a relatively unexplored area. In general, discriminative representations are rich in class-specific features but are…

Accurate and efficient discrete video tokenization is essential for long video sequences processing. Yet, the inherent complexity and variable information density of videos present a significant bottleneck for current tokenizers, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Haotian Ye , Qiyuan He , Jiaqi Han , Puheng Li , Jiaojiao Fan , Zekun Hao , Fitsum Reda , Yogesh Balaji , Huayu Chen , Sheng Liu , Angela Yao , James Zou , Stefano Ermon , Haoxiang Wang , Ming-Yu Liu

Self-supervised Learning (SSL) including the mainstream contrastive learning has achieved great success in learning visual representations without data annotations. However, most of methods mainly focus on the instance level information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-26 Mingkai Zheng , Shan You , Fei Wang , Chen Qian , Changshui Zhang , Xiaogang Wang , Chang Xu

Audio tokenizers are fundamental to unifying audio understanding and generation. Understanding requires high-level semantics, while generation demands semantic and acoustic details. Existing unified tokenizers jointly encode both in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-28 Zhisheng Zhang , Xiang Li , Yixuan Zhou , Jing Peng , Guoyang Zeng , Zhiyong Wu

Encoder transformer models compress information from all tokens in a sequence into a single [CLS] token to represent global context. This approach risks diluting fine-grained or hierarchical features, leading to information loss in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Asif Shahriar , Rifat Shahriyar , M Saifur Rahman

Tokenization remains a fundamental yet underexplored bottleneck in natural language processing, with strategies largely static despite remarkable progress in model architectures. We present SupraTok, a novel tokenization architecture that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Andrei-Valentin Tănase , Elena Pelican