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Ensuring the safety of large language models (LLMs) requires robust red teaming, yet the systematic synthesis of high-quality toxic data remains under-explored. We propose Reverse Constitutional AI (R-CAI), a framework for automated and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yuan Fang , Yiming Luo , Aimin Zhou , Fei Tan

LLM-powered personalization agent systems employ Large Language Models (LLMs) to predict users' behavior from their past activities. However, their effectiveness often hinges on the ability to effectively leverage extensive, long user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Jiaxing Wu , Lin Ning , Luyang Liu , Harrison Lee , Neo Wu , Chao Wang , Sushant Prakash , Shawn O'Banion , Bradley Green , Jun Xie

Confidence scores of automatic speech recognition (ASR) outputs are often inadequately communicated, preventing its seamless integration into analytical workflows. In this paper, we introduce ConFides, a visual analytic system developed in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Sunwoo Ha , Chaehun Lim , R. Jordan Crouser , Alvitta Ottley

Modern Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems increasingly leverage Large Language Model (LLM) architectures to achieve scalable, high-fidelity, zero-shot generation. However, these systems typically rely on fixed-frame-rate acoustic tokenization,…

Conversational AI has made significant progress, yet generating expressive and controllable text-to-speech (TTS) remains challenging. Specifically, controlling fine-grained voice styles and emotions is notoriously difficult and typically…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-13 Zhicheng Ouyang , Seong-Gyun Leem , Bach Viet Do , Haibin Wu , Ariya Rastrow , Yuzong Liu , Florian Metze

Many recently published Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems produce audio close to real speech. However, TTS evaluation needs to be revisited to make sense of the results obtained with the new architectures, approaches and datasets. We propose…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-03 Christoph Minixhofer , Ondřej Klejch , Peter Bell

We introduce a new cross-modal fusion technique designed for generative error correction in automatic speech recognition (ASR). Our methodology leverages both acoustic information and external linguistic representations to generate accurate…

Modern sensing systems generate large volumes of unlabeled multivariate time-series data. This abundance of unlabeled data makes self-supervised learning (SSL) a natural approach for learning transferable representations. However, most…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yuliang Chen , Arvind Pillai , Yu Yvonne Wu , Tess Z. Griffin , Lisa Marsch , Michael V. Heinz , Nicholas C. Jacobson , Andrew Campbell

While supervised quality predictors for synthesized speech have demonstrated strong correlations with human ratings, their requirement for in-domain labeled training data hinders their generalization ability to new domains. Unsupervised…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-08 Erica Cooper , Takuma Okamoto , Yamato Ohtani , Tomoki Toda , Hisashi Kawai

Model alignment with human preferences is an essential step in making Large Language Models (LLMs) helpful and consistent with human values. It typically consists of supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning from human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yi Dong , Zhilin Wang , Makesh Narsimhan Sreedhar , Xianchao Wu , Oleksii Kuchaiev

We present a novel framework designed to extend model reconciliation approaches, commonly used in human-aware planning, for enhanced human-AI interaction. By adopting a structured argumentation-based dialogue paradigm, our framework enables…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Stylianos Loukas Vasileiou , Ashwin Kumar , William Yeoh , Tran Cao Son , Francesca Toni

Text-based speech editing aims to modify specific segments while preserving speaker identity and acoustic context. Existing methods rely on task-specific training, which incurs high data costs and struggles with temporal fidelity in…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Sihan Lv , Yechen Jin , Zhen Li , Jintao Chen , Jinshan Zhang , Ying Li , Jianwei Yin , Meng Xi

In procedural skill learning, instructional explanations must convey not just steps, but the causal, goal-directed, and compositional logic behind them. Large language models (LLMs) often produce fluent yet shallow responses that miss this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Rahul Dass , Thomas Bowlin , Zebing Li , Xiao Jin , Ashok Goel

Today, most large-scale conversational AI agents (e.g. Alexa, Siri, or Google Assistant) are built using manually annotated data to train the different components of the system. Typically, the accuracy of the ML models in these components…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-07 Pragaash Ponnusamy , Alireza Roshan Ghias , Chenlei Guo , Ruhi Sarikaya

Automatic pronunciation assessment (APA) analyzes second-language (L2) learners' speech by providing fine-grained pronunciation feedback at various linguistic levels. Most existing efforts on APA typically adopt segmental-level features as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jiun-Ting Li , Bi-Cheng Yan , Yi-Cheng Wang , Berlin Chen

Traditional RLHF optimizes language models with coarse, scalar rewards that mask the fine-grained reasons behind success or failure, leading to slow and opaque learning. Recent work augments RL with textual critiques through prompting or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Hanyang Wang , Lu Wang , Chaoyun Zhang , Tianjun Mao , Si Qin , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang

Recent advancements in large audio language models have extended Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning into the auditory domain, enabling models to tackle increasingly complex acoustic and spoken tasks. To elicit and sustain these extended…

Syllables are compositional units of spoken language that efficiently structure human speech perception and production. However, current neural speech representations lack such structure, resulting in dense token sequences that are costly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Cheol Jun Cho , Nicholas Lee , Akshat Gupta , Dhruv Agarwal , Ethan Chen , Alan W Black , Gopala K. Anumanchipalli

Spoken Language Models (SLMs) are increasingly central to modern speech-driven applications, but performance degrades under acoustic shift - real-world noise, reverberation, and microphone variation. Prior solutions rely on offline domain…

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