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Adaptive experimentation under unknown network interference requires solving two coupled problems: (i) learning the underlying dynamics of interference among units and (ii) using these dynamics to inform treatment allocation in order to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-13 Aidan Gleich , Eric Laber , Alexander Volfovsky

Conditional average treatment effect (CATE) estimation is the de facto gold standard for targeting a treatment to a heterogeneous population. The method estimates treatment effects up to an error $\epsilon > 0$ in each of $M$ different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Sílvia Casacuberta , Moritz Hardt

State-level policy studies often conduct heterogeneity analyses that quantify how treatment effects vary across state characteristics. These analyses may be used to inform state-specific policy decisions, or to infer how the effect of a…

We propose a novel regression adjustment method designed for estimating distributional treatment effect parameters in randomized experiments. Randomized experiments have been extensively used to estimate treatment effects in various…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-07-24 Undral Byambadalai , Tatsushi Oka , Shota Yasui

The purpose of this paper is to provide guidelines for empirical researchers who use a class of bivariate threshold crossing models with dummy endogenous variables. A common practice employed by the researchers is the specification of the…

Econometrics · Economics 2019-03-06 Sukjin Han , Sungwon Lee

Randomized trials and observational studies, more often than not, run over a certain period of time. The treatment effect evolves during this period which provides crucial insights into the treatment response and the long-term effects. Many…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-04-13 Shu Li , Peter Bühlmann

Analyzing data from multiple sources offers valuable opportunities to improve the estimation efficiency of causal estimands. However, this analysis also poses many challenges due to population heterogeneity and data privacy constraints.…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-23 Rong Zhao , Jason Falvey , Xu Shi , Vernon M. Chinchilli , Chixiang Chen

In uses of pre-trained machine learning models, it is a known issue that the target population in which the model is being deployed may not have been reflected in the source population with which the model was trained. This can result in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Jose M. Alvarez , Kristen M. Scott , Salvatore Ruggieri , Bettina Berendt

Average treatment effect estimation is the most central problem in causal inference with application to numerous disciplines. While many estimation strategies have been proposed in the literature, the statistical optimality of these methods…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-10 Jikai Jin , Vasilis Syrgkanis

Online controlled experiments play a crucial role in enabling data-driven decisions across a wide range of companies. Variance reduction is an effective technique to improve the sensitivity of experiments, achieving higher statistical power…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Hao Zhou , Kun Sun , Shaoming Li , Yangfeng Fan , Guibin Jiang , Jiaqi Zheng , Tao Li

We study treatment effect modifiers for causal analysis in a social network, where neighbors' characteristics or network structure may affect the outcome of a unit, and the goal is to identify sub-populations with varying treatment effects…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Amir Gilad , Harsh Parikh , Sudeepa Roy , Babak Salimi

This paper presents a novel method for the sensitivity analysis of electromagnetic (EM) systems whose transfer function (TF), that is the input-output (I/O) relationship between the input parameters affected by tolerance and the system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-30 Nicola Anselmi , Paolo Rocca , Andrea Massa

In this paper I develop a breakdown frontier approach to assess the sensitivity of Local Average Treatment Effects (LATE) estimates to violations of monotonicity and independence of the instrument. I parametrize violations of independence…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-03-31 Pedro Picchetti

The conditional average treatment effect (CATE) is a commonly targeted statistical parameter for measuring the effect of a treatment conditional on covariates. However, the CATE will fail to capture effects of treatments beyond differences…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-03 Jeffrey Näf , Junhyung Park , Herbert Susmann

We study the problem of user association, namely finding the optimal assignment of user equipment to base stations to achieve a targeted network performance. In this paper, we focus on the knowledge transferability of association policies.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Mohamed Sana , Nicola di Pietro , Emilio Calvanese Strinati

Unobserved effect modifiers can induce bias when generalizing causal effect estimates to target populations. In this work, we extend a sensitivity analysis framework assessing the robustness of study results to unobserved effect…

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) often exhibit limited inferential efficiency in estimating treatment effects due to small sample sizes. In recent years, the combination of external controls has gained increasing attention as a means of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-06 Qinwei Yang , Jingyi Li , Peng Wu

This paper proposes a framewrok for analyzing how the welfare effects of policy interventions are distributed across individuals when those effects are unobserved. Rather than focusing solely on average outcomes, the approach uses readily…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-25 Costas Lambros , Emerson Melo

Study populations are typically sampled from limited points in space and time, and marginalized groups are underrepresented. To assess the external validity of randomized and observational studies, we propose and evaluate the worst-case…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-04 Sookyo Jeong , Hongseok Namkoong

We propose a semiparametric Bayesian methodology for estimating the average treatment effect (ATE) within the potential outcomes framework using observational data with high-dimensional nuisance parameters. Our method introduces a Bayesian…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-21 Gözde Sert , Abhishek Chakrabortty , Anirban Bhattacharya