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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as automated judges to evaluate recommendation systems, search engines, and other subjective tasks, where relying on human evaluators can be costly, time-consuming, and unscalable. LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Gerrit J. J. van den Burg , Gen Suzuki , Wei Liu , Murat Sensoy

The success of large language models has garnered widespread attention for model merging techniques, especially training-free methods which combine model capabilities within the parameter space. However, two challenges remain: (1) uniform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Jiaqi Han , Jingwen Ye , Shunyu Liu , Haofei Zhang , Jie Song , Zunlei Feng , Mingli Song

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing by achieving state-of-the-art performance across various tasks. Recently, their effectiveness as embedding models has gained attention, marking a paradigm shift…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Chongyang Tao , Tao Shen , Shen Gao , Junshuo Zhang , Zhen Li , Kai Hua , Wenpeng Hu , Zhengwei Tao , Shuai Ma

Pretrained large Language Models (LLMs) are able to answer questions that are unlikely to have been encountered during training. However a diversity of potential applications exist in the broad domain of reasoning systems and considerations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Tim Hartill

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance not only in natural language processing tasks but also in a great variety of non-linguistic domains. In diverse optimization scenarios, there is also a rising trend of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Beichen Huang , Xingyu Wu , Yu Zhou , Jibin Wu , Liang Feng , Ran Cheng , Kay Chen Tan

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) integrate visual and linguistic reasoning to address complex tasks such as image captioning and visual question answering. While MLLMs demonstrate remarkable versatility, MLLMs appears limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Wenke Huang , Jian Liang , Xianda Guo , Yiyang Fang , Guancheng Wan , Xuankun Rong , Chi Wen , Zekun Shi , Qingyun Li , Didi Zhu , Yanbiao Ma , Ke Liang , Bin Yang , He Li , Jiawei Shao , Mang Ye , Bo Du

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain heavily centered on English, with limited performance in low-resource languages. Existing adaptation approaches, such as continual pre-training, demand significant computational resources. In the case of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Eneko Valero , Maria Ribalta i Albado , Oscar Sainz , Naiara Perez , German Rigau

Large language models (LLMs) achieve impressive results on advanced mathematics benchmarks but sometimes fail on basic arithmetic tasks, raising the question of whether they have truly grasped fundamental arithmetic rules or are merely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Yang Yan , Yu Lu , Renjun Xu , Zhenzhong Lan

Human cognition exhibits systematic compositionality, the algebraic ability to generate infinite novel combinations from finite learned components, which is the key to understanding and reasoning about complex logic. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Jun Zhao , Jingqi Tong , Yurong Mou , Ming Zhang , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Multimodal adaptation equips large language models (LLMs) with perceptual capabilities, but often weakens the reasoning ability inherited from language-only pretraining. This trade-off is especially pronounced in video-language models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zihang Fu , Haonan Wang , Jian Kang , Kenji Kawaguchi , Jiaying Wu

With the rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), a variety of benchmarks have been introduced to evaluate their capabilities. While most evaluations have focused on complex tasks such as scientific comprehension and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Huan Liu , Lingyu Xiao , Jiangjiang Liu , Xiaofan Li , Ze Feng , Sen Yang , Jingdong Wang

With the recent rise of widely successful deep learning models, there is emerging interest among professionals in various math and science communities to see and evaluate the state-of-the-art models' abilities to collaborate on finding or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Sophia Gu

Logical reasoning consistently plays a fundamental and significant role in the domains of knowledge engineering and artificial intelligence. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a noteworthy innovation in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Fangzhi Xu , Qika Lin , Jiawei Han , Tianzhe Zhao , Jun Liu , Erik Cambria

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities across diverse natural language processing (NLP) tasks. The release of open-source LLMs like LLaMA and Qwen has triggered the development of numerous fine-tuned models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Zichuan Fu , Xian Wu , Yejing Wang , Wanyu Wang , Shanshan Ye , Hongzhi Yin , Yi Chang , Yefeng Zheng , Xiangyu Zhao

Language serves as a vehicle for conveying thought, enabling communication among individuals. The ability to distinguish between diverse concepts, identify fairness and injustice, and comprehend a range of legal notions fundamentally relies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Ha-Thanh Nguyen , Wachara Fungwacharakorn , Ken Satoh

Merging Large Language Models (LLMs) is a cost-effective technique for combining multiple expert LLMs into a single versatile model, retaining the expertise of the original ones. However, current approaches often overlook the importance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Hasan Abed Al Kader Hammoud , Umberto Michieli , Fabio Pizzati , Philip Torr , Adel Bibi , Bernard Ghanem , Mete Ozay

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly focused on "reasoning" ability, a concept with many overlapping definitions in the LLM discourse. We take a more structured approach, distinguishing meta-level reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Nick Ferguson , Alan Bundy , Kwabena Nuamah

Showing incorrect answers to Large Language Models (LLMs) is a popular strategy to improve their performance in reasoning-intensive tasks. It is widely assumed that, in order to be helpful, the incorrect answers must be accompanied by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Lisa Alazraki , Maximilian Mozes , Jon Ander Campos , Tan Yi-Chern , Marek Rei , Max Bartolo

Final-answer-based metrics are commonly used for evaluating large language models (LLMs) on math word problems, often taken as proxies for reasoning ability. However, such metrics conflate two distinct sub-skills: abstract formulation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Ziling Cheng , Meng Cao , Leila Pishdad , Yanshuai Cao , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung

Instruction-following is essential for aligning large language models (LLMs) with user intent. While recent reasoning-oriented models exhibit impressive performance on complex mathematical problems, their ability to adhere to natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Tingchen Fu , Jiawei Gu , Yafu Li , Xiaoye Qu , Yu Cheng