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LLMs (Large Language Models) usually interact with users in the form of dialogue and generate responses following their instructions, which naturally require dialogue comprehension abilities. However, dialogue comprehension is a general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Shuaijie She , Shujian Huang , Xingyun Wang , Yanke Zhou , Jiajun Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for addressing a wide range of general inquiries and tasks. Despite this, fine-tuning aligned LLMs on smaller, domain-specific datasets, critical to adapting them to specialized…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Guanlin Li , Kangjie Chen , Shangwei Guo , Jie Zhang , Han Qiu , Chao Zhang , Guoyin Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Jiwei Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) perpetuate social biases, reflecting prejudices in their training data and reinforcing societal stereotypes and inequalities. Our work explores the potential of the Contact Hypothesis, a concept from social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Chahat Raj , Anjishnu Mukherjee , Aylin Caliskan , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Ziwei Zhu

Despite their advanced reasoning capabilities, state-of-the-art Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrably lack a core component of human intelligence: the ability to `read the room' and assess deception in complex social…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Caixin Kang , Yifei Huang , Liangyang Ouyang , Mingfang Zhang , Ruicong Liu , Yoichi Sato

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly operate in environments where they encounter social information such as other agents' answers, tool outputs, or human recommendations. In humans, such inputs influence judgments in ways that depend…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Anooshka Bajaj , Zoran Tiganj

This review examines the means with which faithfulness has been evaluated across open-ended summarization, question-answering and machine translation tasks. We find that the use of LLMs as a faithfulness evaluator is commonly the metric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Ben Malin , Tatiana Kalganova , Nikoloas Boulgouris

Large language models (LLMs) are now deployed at unprecedented scale, assisting millions of users in daily tasks. However, the risk of these models assisting unlawful activities remains underexplored. In this study, we define this high-risk…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Xing Wang , Huiyuan Xie , Yiyan Wang , Chaojun Xiao , Huimin Chen , Holli Sargeant , Felix Steffek , Jie Shao , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of natural language processing tasks. However, their tendency to exhibit sycophantic behavior - excessively agreeing with or flattering users - poses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Lars Malmqvist

State-of-the-art Large Language Models (LLMs) are accredited with an increasing number of different capabilities, ranging from reading comprehension, over advanced mathematical and reasoning skills to possessing scientific knowledge. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Neeladri Bhuiya , Viktor Schlegel , Stefan Winkler

Large language models (LLMs) encapsulate vast amounts of knowledge but still remain vulnerable to external misinformation. Existing research mainly studied this susceptibility behavior in a single-turn setting. However, belief can change…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Rongwu Xu , Brian S. Lin , Shujian Yang , Tianqi Zhang , Weiyan Shi , Tianwei Zhang , Zhixuan Fang , Wei Xu , Han Qiu

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful and general solutions to many natural language tasks. However, many of the most important applications of language generation are interactive, where an agent has to talk to a person to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Joey Hong , Sergey Levine , Anca Dragan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have excelled at language understanding and generating human-level text. However, even with supervised training and human alignment, these LLMs are susceptible to adversarial attacks where malicious users can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Shachi H Kumar , Saurav Sahay , Sahisnu Mazumder , Eda Okur , Ramesh Manuvinakurike , Nicole Beckage , Hsuan Su , Hung-yi Lee , Lama Nachman

Large Language Models (LLMs) are now commonplace in conversation applications. However, their risks of misuse for generating harmful responses have raised serious societal concerns and spurred recent research on LLM conversation safety.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Zhichen Dong , Zhanhui Zhou , Chao Yang , Jing Shao , Yu Qiao

This paper argues that Large Language Models (LLMs) should incorporate explicit mechanisms for human empathy. As LLMs become increasingly deployed in high-stakes human-centered settings, their success depends not only on correctness or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xiaoxing You , Qiang Huang , Jun Yu

Recent researches have shown that Large Language Models (LLMs) are susceptible to a security threat known as Backdoor Attack. The backdoored model will behave well in normal cases but exhibit malicious behaviours on inputs inserted with a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Yunzhuo Hao , Wenkai Yang , Yankai Lin

Evaluating the conversational abilities of large language models (LLMs) remains a challenging task. Current mainstream approaches primarily rely on the "LLM-as-a-judge" paradigm, where an LLM is prompted to serve as an evaluator to assess…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Yuqi Tang , Kehua Feng , Yunfeng Wang , Zhiwen Chen , Chengfei Lv , Gang Yu , Qiang Zhang , Keyan Ding , Huajun Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have been found to produce hallucinations when the question exceeds their internal knowledge boundaries. A reliable model should have a clear perception of its knowledge boundaries, providing correct answers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Shiyu Ni , Keping Bi , Lulu Yu , Jiafeng Guo

Large language models (LLMs) built on existing reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF) frameworks typically optimize responses based on immediate turn-level human preferences. However, this approach falls short in multi-turn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Hyunji Nam , Omer Gottesman , Amy Zhang , Dean Foster , Emma Brunskill , Lyle Ungar

Timely and accurate identification of student misconceptions is key to improving learning outcomes and pre-empting the compounding of student errors. However, this task is highly dependent on the effort and intuition of the teacher. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Joshua Mitton , Prarthana Bhattacharyya , Digory Smith , Thomas Christie , Ralph Abboud , Simon Woodhead

This survey examines evaluation methods for large language model (LLM)-based agents in multi-turn conversational settings. Using a PRISMA-inspired framework, we systematically reviewed nearly 250 scholarly sources, capturing the state of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Shengyue Guan , Jindong Wang , Jiang Bian , Bin Zhu , Jian-guang Lou , Haoyi Xiong