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Heterogeneity is becoming increasingly ubiquitous in modern large-scale computer systems. Developing good load balancing policies for systems whose resources have varying speeds is crucial in achieving low response times. Indeed, how best…

Performance · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Kristen Gardner , Jazeem Abdul Jaleel , Alexander Wickeham , Sherwin Doroudi

In this paper, we consider a load balancing system under a general pull-based policy. In particular, each arrival is randomly dispatched to one of the servers whose queue lengths are below a threshold, if there are any; otherwise, this…

Performance · Computer Science 2018-08-22 Xingyu Zhou , Jian Tan , Ness Shroff

We consider a discrete-time parallel service system consisting of $n$ heterogeneous single server queues with infinite capacity. Jobs arrive to the system as an i.i.d. process with rate proportional to $n$, and must be immediately…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yishun Luo , Martin Zubeldia

This paper considers the steady-state performance of load balancing algorithms in a many-server system with distributed queues. The system has $N$ servers, and each server maintains a local queue with buffer size $b-1,$ i.e. a server can…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-12-30 Xin Liu , Lei Ying

We consider a system of $N$ parallel queues with identical exponential service rates and a single dispatcher where tasks arrive as a Poisson process. When a task arrives, the dispatcher always assigns it to an idle server, if there is any,…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-12-14 D. Mukherjee , S. C. Borst , J. S. H. van Leeuwaarden , P. A. Whiting

We consider the load balancing problem in large-scale heterogeneous systems with multiple dispatchers. We introduce a general framework called Local-Estimation-Driven (LED). Under this framework, each dispatcher keeps local (possibly…

Performance · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Xingyu Zhou , Ness Shroff , Adam Wierman

Load balancing plays a critical role in efficiently dispatching jobs in parallel-server systems such as cloud networks and data centers. A fundamental challenge in the design of load balancing algorithms is to achieve an optimal trade-off…

Performance · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Mark van der Boor , Sem Borst , Johan van Leeuwaarden

We consider a distributed cloud service deployed at a set of distinct server pools. Arriving jobs are classified into heterogeneous types, in accordance with their setup times which are differentiated at each of the pools. A dispatcher for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-14 Fernando Paganini , Diego Goldsztajn

In geographically-distributed systems, communication latencies are non-negligible. The perceived processing time of a request is thus composed of the time needed to route the request to the server and the true processing time. Once a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-02-11 Piotr Skowron , Krzysztof Rzadca

We study the steady-state delay performance of load balancing in large-scale systems with heterogeneous servers in the heavy-traffic regimes. The system consists of $N$ servers, each with a local buffer of size $b-1$, serving jobs in the…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-27 Xin Liu , Lei Ying

We present an analysis of large-scale load balancing systems, where the processing time distribution of tasks depends on both the task and server types. Our study focuses on the asymptotic regime, where the number of servers and task types…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-06-19 Zhisheng Zhao , Debankur Mukherjee

We consider a large-scale service system where incoming tasks have to be instantaneously dispatched to one out of many parallel server pools. The user-perceived performance degrades with the number of concurrent tasks and the dispatcher…

The basic load balancing scenario involves a single dispatcher where tasks arrive that must immediately be forwarded to one of $N$ single-server queues. We discuss recent advances on scalable load balancing schemes which provide favorable…

We consider a queueing system composed of a dispatcher that routes deterministically jobs to a set of non-observable queues working in parallel. In this setting, the fundamental problem is which policy should the dispatcher implement to…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-02-23 Jonatha Anselmi , Bruno Gaujal , Tommaso Nesti

It is well-known that the power-of-d choices routing algorithm maximizes throughput and is heavy-traffic optimal in load balancing systems with homogeneous servers. However, if the servers are heterogeneous, throughput optimality does not…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-01-12 Daniela Hurtado-Lange , Siva Theja Maguluri

Current-day data centers and high-volume cloud services employ a broad set of heterogeneous servers. In such settings, client requests typically arrive at multiple entry points, and dispatching them to servers is an urgent distributed…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Guy Goren , Shay Vargaftik , Yoram Moses

In this note, we apply Stein's method to analyze the performance of general load balancing schemes in the many-server heavy-traffic regime. In particular, consider a load balancing system of $N$ servers and the distance of arrival rate to…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-04-28 Xingyu Zhou , Ness Shroff

Consider the workload process for a single server queue with deterministic service times in which customers arrive according to a scheduled traffic process. A scheduled arrival sequence is one in which customers are scheduled to arrive at…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-12-09 Victor F. Araman , Peter W. Glynn

We consider a heterogeneous distributed service system, consisting of $n$ servers with unknown and possibly different processing rates. Jobs with unit mean and independent processing times arrive as a renewal process of rate $\lambda n$,…

Performance · Computer Science 2020-07-15 David Gamarnik , John N. Tsitsiklis , Martin Zubeldia

We consider load balancing in large-scale heterogeneous server systems in the presence of data locality that imposes constraints on which tasks can be assigned to which servers. The constraints are naturally captured by a bipartite graph…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-12-01 Zhisheng Zhao , Debankur Mukherjee , Ruoyu Wu
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