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Semantic Knowledge Graphs (SKG) face challenges with scalability, flexibility, contextual understanding, and handling unstructured or ambiguous information. However, they offer formal and structured knowledge enabling highly interpretable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Aldo Gangemi , Andrea Giovanni Nuzzolese

One of the key problems in Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems is that chunk-based retrieval pipelines represent the source chunks as atomic objects, mixing the information contained within such a chunk into a single vector. These…

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) lack direct interaction between learners and instructors, making it challenging for learners to understand new knowledge concepts. Recently, learners have increasingly used Large Language Models (LLMs) to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Mohamed Abdelmagied , Mohamed Amine Chatti , Shoeb Joarder , Qurat Ul Ain , Rawaa Alatrash

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being adopted at an unprecedented rate, yet still face challenges in knowledge-intensive domains like biomedicine. Solutions such as pre-training and domain-specific fine-tuning add substantial computational…

As connected and automated transportation systems evolve, there is a growing need for federal and state authorities to revise existing laws and develop new statutes to address emerging cybersecurity and data privacy challenges. This study…

Real-world live retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems face significant challenges when processing user queries that are often noisy, ambiguous, and contain multiple intents. While RAG enhances large language models (LLMs) with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Guanting Dong , Xiaoxi Li , Yuyao Zhang , Mengjie Deng

Current general-purpose large language models (LLMs) commonly exhibit knowledge hallucination and insufficient domain-specific adaptability in domain-specific tasks, limiting their effectiveness in specialized question answering scenarios.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Mengzheng Yang , Yanfei Ren , David Osei Opoku , Ruochang Li , Peng Ren , Chunxiao Xing

Multi-hop question answering (MHQA) requires integrating knowledge scattered across multiple passages to derive the correct answer. Traditional retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) methods primarily focus on coarse-grained textual semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Changjian Wang , Weihong Deng , Weili Guan , Quan Lu , Ning Jiang

As large language models (LLMs) continue to grow in size, their abilities to tackle complex tasks have significantly improved. However, issues such as hallucination and the lack of up-to-date knowledge largely remain unresolved. Knowledge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Lihui Liu

LLMs often suffer from hallucinations and outdated or incomplete knowledge. RAG is proposed to address these issues by integrating external knowledge like that in KGs into LLMs. However, leveraging private KGs in RAG systems poses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Yunfeng Ning , Mayi Xu , Jintao Wen , Qiankun Pi , Yuanyuan Zhu , Ming Zhong , Jiawei Jiang , Tieyun Qian

Adopting Knowledge Graphs (KGs) as a structured, semantic-oriented, data representation model has significantly improved data integration, reasoning, and querying capabilities across different domains. This is especially true in modern…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Marco Arazzi , Davide Ligari , Serena Nicolazzo , Antonino Nocera

Graph-based retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to incorporate structured knowledge via graph retrieval as contextual input, enhancing more accurate and context-aware reasoning. We observe that for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Qiuyu Zhu , Liang Zhang , Qianxiong Xu , Cheng Long , Jie Zhang

Large Language Models are now key assistants in human decision-making processes. However, a common note always seems to follow: "LLMs can make mistakes. Be careful with important info." This points to the reality that not all outputs from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Longchao Da , Parth Mitesh Shah , Kuan-Ru Liou , Jiaxing Zhang , Hua Wei

Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Graph-RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by structuring retrieval over an external corpus. However, existing approaches typically assume a static corpus, requiring expensive full-graph…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Fangyuan Zhang , Zhengjun Huang , Yingli Zhou , Qintian Guo , Zhixun Li , Wensheng Luo , Di Jiang , Yixiang Fang , Xiaofang Zhou

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems empower large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge, yet struggle with efficiency-accuracy trade-offs when scaling to large knowledge graphs. Existing approaches often rely on monolithic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Ruiyi Yang , Hao Xue , Imran Razzak , Shirui Pan , Hakim Hacid , Flora D. Salim

Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (MRAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating multimodal data (text, images, videos) into retrieval and generation processes, overcoming the limitations of text-only…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Lang Mei , Siyu Mo , Zhihan Yang , Chong Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are transforming the way information is retrieved with vast amounts of knowledge being summarized and presented via natural language conversations. Yet, LLMs are prone to highlight the most frequently seen…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Julien Delile , Srayanta Mukherjee , Anton Van Pamel , Leonid Zhukov

The Adobe Experience Platform AI Assistant is a conversational tool that enables organizations to interact seamlessly with proprietary enterprise data through a chatbot. However, due to access restrictions, Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Manisha Mukherjee , Sungchul Kim , Xiang Chen , Dan Luo , Tong Yu , Tung Mai

Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) methods have significantly enhanced the performance of large language models (LLMs) in domain-specific tasks. However, existing RAG methods do not adequately utilize the naturally inherent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Haoyu Huang , Yongfeng Huang , Junjie Yang , Zhenyu Pan , Yongqiang Chen , Kaili Ma , Hongzhi Chen , James Cheng

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves factual accuracy by grounding responses in external knowledge. However, existing RAG methods either rely solely on text corpora and neglect structural knowledge, or build ad-hoc knowledge graphs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Dingjun Wu , Yukun Yan , Zhenghao Liu , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun