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A watermarking algorithm is proposed in this paper to address the copyright protection issue of implicit 3D models. The algorithm involves embedding watermarks into the images in the training set through an embedding network, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Lifeng Chen , Jia Liu , Yan Ke , Wenquan Sun , Weina Dong , Xiaozhong Pan

To trace the copyright of deep neural networks, an owner can embed its identity information into its model as a watermark. The capacity of the watermark quantify the maximal volume of information that can be verified from the watermarked…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Fangqi Li , Haodong Zhao , Wei Du , Shilin Wang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved promising performance in various real-world applications. Building a powerful GNN model is not a trivial task, as it requires a large amount of training data, powerful computing resources, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Jing Xu , Stefanos Koffas , Oguzhan Ersoy , Stjepan Picek

To ensure protection of the intellectual property rights of DNN models, watermarking techniques have been investigated to insert side-information into the models without seriously degrading the performance of original task. One of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Minoru Kuribayashi , Tatsuya Yasui , Asad Malik , Nobuo Funabiki

Adoption of machine learning models across industries have turned Neural Networks (DNNs) into a prized Intellectual Property (IP), which needs to be protected from being stolen or being used without authorization. This topic gave rise to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Yi Hao Puah , Anh Tu Ngo , Nandish Chattopadhyay , Anupam Chattopadhyay

Training deep neural networks (DNNs) requires large datasets and powerful computing resources, which has led some owners to restrict redistribution without permission. Watermarking techniques that embed confidential data into DNNs have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Seonhye Park , Alsharif Abuadbba , Shuo Wang , Kristen Moore , Yansong Gao , Hyoungshick Kim , Surya Nepal

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are widely deployed in industry, making their intellectual property valuable. However, protecting GNNs from unauthorized use remains a challenge. Watermarking offers a solution by embedding ownership information…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jane Downer , Yingdan Shi , Ziyan Liu , Ren Wang , Binghui Wang

The protection of intellectual property has become critical due to the rapid growth of three-dimensional content in digital media. Unlike traditional images or videos, 3D point clouds present unique challenges for copyright enforcement, as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Khandoker Ashik Uz Zaman , Mohammad Zahangir Alam , Mohammed N. M. Ali , Mahdi H. Miraz

Adversarial example generation has been a hot spot in recent years because it can cause deep neural networks (DNNs) to misclassify the generated adversarial examples, which reveals the vulnerability of DNNs, motivating us to find good…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Mingjie Li , Hanzhou Wu , Xinpeng Zhang

The rapid proliferation of deep neural networks (DNNs) across several domains has led to increasing concerns regarding intellectual property (IP) protection and model misuse. Trained DNNs represent valuable assets, often developed through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Sangeeth B , Serena Nicolazzo , Deepa K. , Vinod P

In recent years, there has been significant advancement in the field of model watermarking techniques. However, the protection of image-processing neural networks remains a challenge, with only a limited number of methods being developed.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Huajie Chen , Tianqing Zhu , Chi Liu , Shui Yu , Wanlei Zhou

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved tremendous success in artificial intelligence (AI) fields. However, DNN models can be easily illegally copied, redistributed, or abused by criminals, seriously damaging the interests of model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Xuefeng Fan , Dahao Fu , Hangyu Gui , Xinpeng Zhang , Xiaoyi Zhou

Natural language processing (NLP) technology has shown great commercial value in applications such as sentiment analysis. But NLP models are vulnerable to the threat of pirated redistribution, damaging the economic interests of model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Long Dai , Jiarong Mao , Xuefeng Fan , Xiaoyi Zhou

Watermarking is one of the most important copyright protection tools for digital media. The most challenging type of watermarking is the imperceptible one, which embeds identifying information in the data while retaining the latter's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Natan Semyonov , Rami Puzis , Asaf Shabtai , Gilad Katz

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), from AlexNet to ResNet to ChatGPT, have made revolutionary progress in recent years, and are widely used in various fields. The high performance of DNNs requires a huge amount of high-quality data, expensive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Yuchen Sun , Tianpeng Liu , Panhe Hu , Qing Liao , Shaojing Fu , Nenghai Yu , Deke Guo , Yongxiang Liu , Li Liu

Deep neural networks are playing an important role in many real-life applications. After being trained with abundant data and computing resources, a deep neural network model providing service is endowed with economic value. An important…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Fangqi Li , Shilin Wang

As AI advances, copyrighted content faces growing risk of unauthorized use, whether through model training or direct misuse. Building upon invisible adversarial perturbation, recent works developed copyright protections against specific AI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Tianci Liu , Tong Yang , Quan Zhang , Qi Lei

Watermarking is a commonly used strategy to protect creators' rights to digital images, videos and audio. Recently, watermarking methods have been extended to deep learning models -- in principle, the watermark should be preserved when an…

Training machine learning (ML) models is expensive in terms of computational power, amounts of labeled data and human expertise. Thus, ML models constitute intellectual property (IP) and business value for their owners. Embedding digital…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Sebastian Szyller , Buse Gul Atli , Samuel Marchal , N. Asokan

We study protecting a user's data (images in this work) against a learner's unauthorized use in training neural networks. It is especially challenging when the user's data is only a tiny percentage of the learner's complete training set. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Zihang Zou , Boqing Gong , Liqiang Wang