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By introducing arbitrary parameters in the usual Fronsdal model, we find a region in the parameters space away from the ``Fronsdal point'' where we still have an irreducible description of massless particles of arbitrary integer spin $s\ge…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-10 D. Dalmazi , B. dos S. Martins

On-shell, analytic S-matrix elements in massless theories are constructed from a finite set of primitive three-point amplitudes, which are fixed by Poincare invariance up to an overall numerical constant. We classify \emph{all} such…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-05 David A. McGady , Laurentiu Rodina

We propose a covariant orbital-spin ($LS$) decomposed amplitude for the partial wave analysis using the massive spinor-helicity formalism. First we review the traditional-$LS$ method in the little group space and the Zemach tensor method in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-06 Hong Huang , Yi-Ning Wang , Jiang-Hao Yu

Here we suggest a new local action describing arbitrary integer spin-$s$ massless particles in terms of only two symmetric fields $\varphi $ and $\alpha$ of rank-$s$ and $(s-3)$ respectively. It is an unconstrained version of the Fronsdal…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-01-06 R. Schimidt Bittencourt , D. Dalmazi , E. L. Mendonça

In this Letter we consider the problem of partial masslessness and unitarity in (A)dS using gauge invariant description of massive high spin particles. We show that for S = 2 and S = 3 cases such formalism allows one correctly reproduce all…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Yu. M. Zinoviev

In this paper the general form of scattering amplitudes for massless particles with equal spins s ($s s \to s s$) or unequal spins ($s_a s_b \to s_a s_b$) are derived. The imposed conditions are that the amplitudes should have the lowest…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 F. A. Berends , W. T. Giele

In this paper, we extend our previous results on the gravitational interactions for massive spin 5/2 particles and spin 3 particles to massive spin 7/2, including its massless and partially massless limits. These results share some common…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-16 Yu. M. Zinoviev

Here we perform a Kaluza-Klein dimensional reduction of Vasiliev's first-order description of massless spin-s particles from $D=3+1$ to $D=2+1$ and derive first-order self-dual models describing particles with helicities $\pm s$ for the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-11-17 D. Dalmazi

Poincar\'e invariance is a well-tested symmetry of nature and sits at the core of our description of relativistic particles and gravity. At the same time, in most systems Poincar\'e invariance is not a symmetry of the ground state and is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-01-31 Enrico Pajer , David Stefanyszyn , Jakub Supeł

Massive spin s>=3/2 fields can become partially massless in cosmological backgrounds. In the plane spanned by m^2 and \Lambda, there are lines where new gauge invariances permit intermediate sets of higher helicities, rather than the usual…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 S. Deser , A. Waldron

One of us quant-ph/0206077 (Nucl. Phys. B, 1970, 21, 321) has shown that for the particle with zero mass and spin s=1/2 there are three types of two-component equations (or one four-component equation with three different subsidiary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Wilhelm I. Fushchych , A. L. Grishchenko

We study on-shell scattering amplitudes for continuous-spin particles (CSPs). Poincar\'e invariance, little-group $ISO(2)$ covariance, analyticity, and on-shell factorisation (unitarity) impose stringent conditions on these amplitudes. We…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-05-19 Brando Bellazzini , Stefano De Angelis , Marcello Romano

We derive the integral equations for partial-wave projected three-body scattering amplitudes, starting from the integral equations for three-body amplitudes developed for lattice QCD analyses. The results, which hold for generic three-body…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-09-25 Raúl A. Briceño , Caroline S. R. Costa , Andrew W. Jackura

The covariant description of massless particles of arbitrary spin typically employs symmetric tensors of rank $s$ and rests on a local symmetry carried by symmetric tensor parameters of rank $s-1$, suitably generalizing the $U(1)$…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-27 Will Barker , Dario Francia , Carlo Marzo , Alessandro Santoni

Manifestly Lorentz covariant Feynman rules are given in terms of a "scalar" field for each helicity, dramatically simplifying the calculation of amplitudes with massless particles. The spinor helicity formalism is properly identified as a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 Gordon Chalmers , Warren Siegel

Using ambient space we develop a fully gauge and o(d,2) covariant approach to boundary values of AdS(d+1) gauge fields. It is applied to the study of (partially) massless fields in the bulk and (higher-order) conformal scalars, i.e.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-15 Xavier Bekaert , Maxim Grigoriev

The unique off-shell fermionic gauge invariance of a vector-spinor field theory is found, and the invariant action is derived. The latter is Weyl invariant in any dimension in the massless limit, and it coincides with the singular point of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-22 Dario Sauro

We revisit the problem of constructing consistent interactions between a massive spin-3/2 field and a partially massless graviton in four-dimensional (A)dS spacetime. We use the Stueckelberg formulation of the action principle for these…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-10-10 Nicolas Boulanger , Guillaume Lhost , Sylvain Thomée

The modified Dirac equations describing massless and massive spin-1/2 particles violating the Lorentz invariance are considered. The equation for massless fermions with varying speed is formulated in the 16-component first-order form. The…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-03-07 S. I. Kruglov

The two-by-two representation of the SL(2,c) group is for spin-1/2 particles. Starting from this two-by-two representation, it is possible to construct the four-by-four matrices for spin-1 particles. For massless particles, it is possible…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Y. S. Kim
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