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In-memory computing architectures provide a much needed solution to energy-efficiency barriers posed by Von-Neumann computing due to the movement of data between the processor and the memory. Functions implemented in such in-memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Sina Sayyah Ensan , Karthikeyan Nagarajan , Mohammad Nasim Imtia Khan , Swaroop Ghosh

Traditional von Neumann architecture based processors become inefficient in terms of energy and throughput as they involve separate processing and memory units, also known as~\textit{memory wall}. The memory wall problem is further…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-20 Abhash Kumar , Jawar Singh , Sai Manohar Beeraka , Bharat Gupta

Neural network implementations are known to be vulnerable to physical attack vectors such as fault injection attacks. As of now, these attacks were only utilized during the inference phase with the intention to cause a misclassification. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Jakub Breier , Xiaolu Hou , Martín Ochoa , Jesus Solano

As the CMOS technology pushes to the nanoscale, aging effects and process variations have become increasingly pronounced, posing significant reliability challenges for AI accelerators. Traditional guardband-based design approaches, which…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Meng Li , Tong Xie , Zuodong Zhang , Runsheng Wang

Neural networks powered by artificial intelligence play a pivotal role in current estimation and classification applications due to the escalating computational demands of evolving deep learning systems. The hindrances posed by existing…

Optics · Physics 2023-06-06 Wenwen Zhang , Hao Zhang

Safety-critical designs need to ensure reliable operations under hostile conditions with a certain degree of confidence. The continuously higher complexity of these designs makes them more susceptible to the risk of failure. ISO26262…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Endri Kaja , Nicolas Gerlin , Luis Rivas , Monideep Bora , Keerthikumara Devarajegowda , Wolfgang Ecker

The growing use of third-party hardware accelerators (e.g., FPGAs, ASICs) for deep neural networks (DNNs) introduces new security vulnerabilities. Conventional model-level backdoor attacks, which only poison a model's weights to misclassify…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Sanskar Amgain , Daniel Lobo , Atri Chatterjee , Swarup Bhunia , Fnu Suya

This paper presents an innovative approach utilizing in-memory computing (IMC) for the development and integration of AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) cipher technique. Our research aims to enhance cybersecurity measures for a wide range…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Hala Ajmi , Fakhreddine Zayer , Hamdi Belgacem

In neuromorphic photonic systems, device operations are typically governed by analog signals, necessitating digital-to-analog converters (DAC) and analog-to-digital converters (ADC). However, data movement between memory and these…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Sean Lam , Ahmed Khaled , Simon Bilodeau , Bicky A. Marquez , Paul R. Prucnal , Lukas Chrostowski , Bhavin J. Shastri , Sudip Shekhar

Even when prompts and parameters are secured, transformer language models remain vulnerable because their key-value (KV) cache during inference constitutes an overlooked attack surface. This paper introduces Malicious Token Injection (MTI),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Elias Hossain , Swayamjit Saha , Somshubhra Roy , Ravi Prasad

As over 200 million new malware samples are identified each year, antivirus systems must continuously adapt to the evolving threat landscape. However, retraining solely on new samples leads to catastrophic forgetting and exploitable blind…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Zahra Asadi , Haeseung Jeon , Sohyun Han , Md Mahmuduzzaman Kamol , Se Eun Oh , Mohammad Saidur Rahman

Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) is a type of Non-Volatile Memory (NVM). In this paper we investigate the sensitivity of the TiN/Ti/Al:HfO2/TiN-based 1T-1R RRAM cells implemented in a 250 nm CMOS IHP technology to the laser irradiation…

The in-memory computing paradigm with emerging memory devices has been recently shown to be a promising way to accelerate deep learning. Resistive processing unit (RPU) has been proposed to enable the vector-vector outer product in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Varun Bhatt , Shalini Shrivastava , Tanmay Chavan , Udayan Ganguly

The neuromorphic BrainScaleS-2 ASIC comprises mixed-signal neurons and synapse circuits as well as two versatile digital microprocessors. Primarily designed to emulate spiking neural networks, the system can also operate in a vector-matrix…

The increasing demand for processing large volumes of data for machine learning models has pushed data bandwidth requirements beyond the capability of traditional von Neumann architecture. In-memory computing (IMC) has recently emerged as a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Omar Ghazal , Wei Wang , Shahar Kvatinsky , Farhad Merchant , Alex Yakovlev , Rishad Shafik

Memristive devices have shown great promise to facilitate the acceleration and improve the power efficiency of Deep Learning (DL) systems. Crossbar architectures constructed using these Resistive Random-Access Memory (RRAM) devices can be…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Corey Lammie , Wei Xiang , Bernabé Linares-Barranco , Mostafa Rahimi Azghadi

With an ever-growing number of parameters defining increasingly complex networks, Deep Learning has led to several breakthroughs surpassing human performance. As a result, data movement for these millions of model parameters causes a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Christopher Wolters , Brady Taylor , Edward Hanson , Xiaoxuan Yang , Ulf Schlichtmann , Yiran Chen

In this paper, we exploit the aggressive supply voltage underscaling technique in Block RAMs (BRAMs) of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to improve the energy efficiency of Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs). Additionally, we evaluate and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-12 Behzad Salami , Osman Unsal , Adrian Cristal

Researchers and designers are facing problems with memory and power walls, considering the pervasiveness of Von-Neumann architecture in the design of processors and the problems caused by reducing the dimensions of deep sub-micron…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Seyed Erfan Fatemieh , Mohammad Reza Reshadinezhad

This work investigates the role of the emerging Analog In-memory computing (AIMC) paradigm in enabling Medical AI analysis and improving the certainty of these models at the edge. It contrasts AIMC's efficiency with traditional digital…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-15 Imane Hamzaoui , Hadjer Benmeziane , Zayneb Cherif , Kaoutar El Maghraoui